纳米材料诱导肺部疾病及其机制研究进展

摘要

With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials play an important role in many fields, such as materials, industry, environmental protection, military, medicine and other fields with their unique physical and chemical properties. The production and use of nanomaterials make them inevitablely to enter the ecological system. People can be exposed to nanomaterials through environmental, occupational and medical approaches. Respiratory system is the most important way for nanoparticles to enter the human body. A number of studies have confirmed that nanomaterials can cause damage to lungs by oxidative stress, inflammation, and ion disorders, which can induce granulomatous lesions, pulmonary fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and even lung cancer. The relationship between nanomaterial exposure and pulmonary diseases, and also the related mechanism in pulmonary toxicity of nanomaterials have been reviewed in this paper.%随着纳米科技的飞速发展，纳米材料凭借其独特的理化性能在材料、工业、环保、军事、医药等多个领域扮演着重要的角色。纳米材料的生产和使用，使其不可避免地进入生态系统，人们可通过环境暴露、职业暴露和医源性暴露接触到纳米材料。呼吸系统是纳米材料进入人体的最主要途径。大量研究证实，吸入的纳米材料主要通过氧化应激、炎症反应和离子紊乱等毒性机制对肺造成损伤，诱导肉芽肿病变、肺纤维化、哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病，甚至肺癌等肺部疾病的发生。本文对纳米材料暴露与肺部疾病的关系及其肺毒性作用机制进行简要综述。