万古霉素和利奈唑胺治疗革兰阳性球菌感染给药方案优化

摘要

目的：评价并优化万古霉素和利奈唑胺治疗不同革兰阳性球菌感染的给药方案。方法根据抗菌药物的药动学/药效学理论，将万古霉素和利奈唑胺的药代动力学参数，结合这2种药物对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的体外药效学数据进行蒙特卡洛模拟，通过比较2种药物不同给药方案对4种革兰阳性球菌的累积反应分数（CFR）来评价并优化给药方案。结果当患者感染表皮葡萄球菌时，推荐使用万古霉素3500 mg/d的给药方案；当患者感染金黄色葡萄球菌时，推荐使用万古霉素2500 mg/d的方案；当患者感染粪肠球菌时，推荐使用万古霉素3000 mg/d或利奈唑胺400 mg/次，每日2次的方案；当患者感染屎肠球菌时，推荐使用万古霉素2500 mg/d或利奈唑胺400 mg/次，每日2次的方案。结论在应用万古霉素和利奈唑胺治疗革兰阳性球菌感染时，应根据感染菌种类选择不同的给药方案。%Objective To estimate and optimize the dosage regimen of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment in different Gram-positive cocci infections. Methods The pharmacokinetic data of vancomycin and linezolid were collected, and the pharmacodynamics in vitro of these drugs for staphylococcus epidermidis, staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus faecalis and enterococcus faecium were analysed. The cumulative response fraction (CFR) was evaluated in different dosage regimens of two drugs against four types of bacteria. Results The regimen of 3 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus epidermidis infection. The regimen of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin was recommended for patients with staphylococcus aureus infection. The regimens of 3 000 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecalis infection. The regimens of 2 500 mg/d vancomycin and 400 mg linezolid given 2 times/day were recommended for patients with enterococcus faecium infection. Conclusion In application of vancomycin and linezolid for treatment of Gram-positive cocci infections, different dosage regimens should be used in different types of infections.