李二曲工夫论中“格物致知”与“慎独”的问题

摘要

工夫与本体问题是宋明儒学的显题，李二曲承袭阳明“合本体工夫而一”之说，强调二者的统一性，其“格物致知”说与“慎独”说都是基于“致良知”、“止于至善”的为学工夫，其“格物致知”同阳明一样是一种向内的意向性活动，通过对先验良知的情感体验，进而达到“穷理”的道德境界。他对“独”的理解更接近《中庸》的原意，其“慎独”的工夫论强调了实践与行动的重要性，对于晚明以来王学末流的学风具有一定的批判意义。%The problems regarding effort and noumenon were noticeable in the Confucianism of the Song and Ming dynasties. Li Er - qu inherited Wang Yang - ruing' s theory of "the unity of effort and noume- non" and put emphasis on its unity. His theories of "obtaining knowledge by investigation of things" and "cautiousness" were mainly based on "the extension of intuitive knowledge" and "the pursuit of perfection". His theory of "obtaining knowledge by investigation of things", like Wang Yang - ruing' s theory, was a kind of inward intentional activity, through the emotional experience of priori conscience, to attain the moral realm of "finding truth". His understanding of "aloneness" was very much close to the original meaning in The Doctrine of the Mean, while "cautiousness" in his theory of self - cultivation stressed the importance of practice and action, which is of certain critical significant for the in the late Ming dynasty.