硝酸酯是一类重要的有机化合物,在现代科学领域内有着非常广泛的用途.随着硝酸酯使用范围的不断扩大,其合成也13益受到人们的重视.根据硝化剂的不同对硝酸酯的合成方法进行了总结.综述了浓硝酸硝化法、硝酸-硫酸混合酸硝化法、硝酸-醋酐混合硝化法和N2O5硝化法,并介绍了各种硝化法的优缺点.最后,作者重点推荐了N2O5硝化法中的N2O5/传统有机溶剂硝化法、N2O5-有机溶剂硝化体系改进法、N2O5固体载体对醇的硝化以及引入保护基硝化法.%Nitrate ester is a kind of important compound which has widely usage in the field of science. By the expanding of the use range, the synthesis is being a focus of researchers. This paper reviews briefly the progress in the synthesis of nitrate esters based the different nitrating agents such as nitric acid, the mixture of nitric acid and suffuric acid, the mixture of nitric acid and acetic anhydride, dinitrogen pentoxide etc in recent years. The merit ant demerit of every nitrating agent was analysis. In these nitrating agents, the dinitrogen pentoxide was recommended, such as dinitrogen pentoxide-origanic solvent system and its modified method, dinitrogen pentoxide-solid carrier system, nitrating by introducing protective group.
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