OBJECTIVE To study the chemical composition and Screen hypoglycemic active site of bitter gourd root.METHODS Extrated with 70%ethanol ,underpressure concentrated ,then extracted with petroleum ether ,eth-yl acetate,n-butanol extraction step by step to get all bitter gourd root extract parts of different polarity .Using silica gel column chromatography and preparative TLC ,monomer compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate .Using subcu-taneous injection 400μg・ kg -1 adrenal hydrochloride to replicate mice model of high blood sugar to screen the active site of bitter gourd root.RESULTS Three compounds were obtained from the Ethyl acetate extract ,Chemical struc-tures were β–sitosterol,Ⅰ;5,25-stigmastadien-3-ol,Ⅱ;(23E)-5β,19–epoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3β,25-diol;Cucurbita-5,24-diene-3,7,23-trione.Results showed that extracts of different polarity and aglycone have a certain effect of hypoglycemic activity on adrenaline hyperglycemia ,and the most significant hypoglycemic parts are n-butanol and water extracts.CONCLUSION Aglycone has some hypoglycemic activity on mouse model of high blood sugar.However ,the hypoglycemic effect of n-butanol and water extracts adrenaline effect is more notable .%目的：研究葫芦科苦瓜属植物苦瓜Momordica charantia．L根的化学成分与筛选苦瓜根降糖活性部位。方法采用70％乙醇回流提取苦瓜根，减压浓缩得浸膏，水悬浮后用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇逐级萃取得到苦瓜根提取物的各个不同极性部位。采用硅胶柱色谱和制备薄层色谱从乙酸乙酯部位分离单体化合物，并采用颈部皮下注射400μg・ kg －1盐酸肾上腺素注射液复制小鼠高血糖模型进行苦瓜根中降糖活性部位的筛选。结果从苦瓜根乙酸乙酯部位共分得3个化合物，化学结构分别为β－谷甾醇（β－sitosterol，Ⅰ），5，25－豆甾二烯醇（5，25－stigmastadien－3－ol，Ⅱ）、（23E）－5β，19－epoxycucurbita－6，23－diene－3β，25－diol和 Cucurbita－5，24－diene－3，7，23－trione。降糖活性筛选结果表明苦瓜根不同极性萃取部位及苦瓜苷元对肾上腺素性高血糖均有一定的降血糖效果，正丁醇部位和水部位的降血糖作用最为显著。结论分离得到的苦瓜苷元具有一定的降糖活性，但正丁醇部位和水部位对肾上腺素高血糖小鼠模型的降血糖作用更为显著。
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