N2O and NO are two important reactive nitrogen gases in the atmosphere, which have a strong influence on the global change and ecological environment. Soil is a significant source of N2O and NO and their production in soils involving both biotic and abiotic processes. This paper summarized six main mechanisms of N2O and/or NO production in soils, including autotrophic nitrification, heterotrophic nitrification, microbial denitrification, chemodenitrification, nitrifier denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. Some of the previous research results were also discussed and the perspectives for further study were put forward.%N2O和NO是大气中两种重要的活性氮气体,强烈影响着全球变化和生态环境.土壤是N2O和NO的重要排放源,生物和非生物途径均可产生N2O和NO.本文详细论述了自养硝化、异养硝化、生物反硝化、化学反硝化、硝化细菌反硝化和硝态氮异化还原成铵作用产生N2O和(或)NO的机制,并对研究中存在的一些问题进行了探讨.
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