游泳运动员前倾蹲踞式出发时间与技术指标的相关性研究

摘要

运用统计学方法找出影响前倾式蹲踞式出发时间的主要水上及水下技术指标。选取山东省优秀游泳女运动员10名，运用2台陆上摄像机、1台水下摄像机与1台测力起跳台同步定机拍摄15 m 完整出发技术动作周期，使用 Kwon3D 和 Biowave 进行运动学和动力学数据解析，使用统计学软件 SPSS 对26个指标进行了相关性分析，发现前倾式蹲踞式出发总时间受水下时间的影响；出发台上时间受后腿膝关节角度和蹬离时间的影响；出发腾空时间受起跳角和腾空高度的影响；水下时间受入水深度、水下打腿次数、入水角、水下水平初速度和滑行髋关节角度的影响；腾空时间影响入水距离和入水水平初速度；腾空阶段髋关节角度影响入水水平初速度；前脚水平蹬离最大力量影响入水水平初速度和水下水平初速度；起跳角和前后脚水平蹬离力量影响离台水平速度，离台水平速度影响腾空高度、入水角、入水距离。%In order to check the correlation of start time and over/ under water techniques by statistical method,10 female swimmers were recruited;2 overwater camera,1 underwater camera and 1 professional launching platform were used to collect data in 15 m start,Kwon3D and Biowave were used to analyze the kinematic data,SPSS was used to analyze the correlation of 26 variables. It was found that start time was influenced by underwater time;launching start time was influenced by knee angle of back leg and departure time;air time was influenced by take - off angle and fly height;underwater time was influenced by underwater height,dolphin kick times,diving angle,initial horizontal velocity underwater and glide hip angle;fly distance and initial horizontal velocity underwater were influenced by air time;diving initial horizontal velocity was influenced by flying hip angle;diving and underwater initial horizontal velocity were influenced by max horizontal force of forefoot;departure horizontal velocity was influenced by take - off angle and departure horizontal force of both feet;fly height,diving angle and fly distance were influenced by take - off horizontal velocity.