论东汉士人的“岩穴”情结及其文学表现

摘要

There is corruption everywhere among the officials in East Han Dynasty and many honest scholars turn to Taoism for comfort and do not cooperate with the reign. They become hermits. Some hide in the grotto, destroy traditional costume and live there, despising the aristocracy or the emper-or; some hide in market place, follow their own heart, toil in the field and become quite composed;others succumb to the court, but do not carry their duty, live in the mansion, think about the grotto, resulting in great contradiction between mind and body. Some of these“scholars of the grotto”are fa-mous for their firm will and practice in life; others show it in their poems, expressing their feelings. The practice and literary creation of grotto life is significant in literary history.%东汉官场污秽，众多守节之士向道家思想寻求人生寄托，不与当道合作，多高蹈隐逸之行。有的人志追巢父，裂冠毁冕，栖居岩穴，轻慢王公，傲视天子；有的怀道隐居民间市井，以全性遂志为人生理想，躬耕自给，泰然处之；有的在重压之下不得不违心地屈从征辟，但他们居官不视事，身在魏阙，心驰岩穴，身与心陷于极度的矛盾中。这些“岩穴之士”，有的以坚定的隐逸之志和岩穴生活实践著称，有的则将隐逸之志见诸吟咏，抒发“岩穴”情怀。东汉士人寄情岩穴的人生实践与文学创作，具有重要的文学史意义。