This paper provides an analysis of influence factors and performance evaluation of the input-output of science and technology resources in China from 1991 to 2009. The conclusion is that: firstly, the output of science and technology in China is effective according to the input-output ratio of sci-tech human resources and sci-tech financial resources, but input-output efficiency of the former is higher than that of the latter; Secondly, sci-tech innovation ability and output performance in China are significantly influenced by the R&D personnel input of basic research, governmental capital investment and monetary input of enterprise, and especially, the input of basic researchers is the core element of influencing and restricting China's sci-tech innovation performance at present..%对1991-2009年我国科技资源投入产出绩效及其影响因素进行了分析.研究结论显示:①从科技财力资源和人力资源的投入与产出比来看,我国的科技产出均是有效的,但科技人力资源的投入产出效率要高于科技财力资源的投入产出效率；②基础研究领域的R&D人员投入、政府资金投入和企业资金投入对我国科技创新能力和创新产出绩效的影响较显著,特别是基础研究领域的R&D人员投入是当前影响和制约我国科技创新绩效的核心要素.
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