海禁与生计：明清以来闽台沿海的带鱼捕捞

摘要

There were few of fishing baots in the offshore of Zhejiang province for the reason of the ban on marinetime trade since the early Ming dynasty.Since the costal defence system had declined in the WanLi period,more and more fishing boates which belonged to Fujian provine had cross the boader to the offshore to catch the Trichiurus haumela.Qing dynasty had followed the traditional policy of Ming dynasty in the fields of ban on marinetime trade.The fishing boates coming from one province were not allowed to fishing in the offshore of another province.However this policy had been abolished in JaiQing Period.The national policy on the ban of marinetime trade would be the key issue to impact the catch of Trichiurus haumela in the offshore of Fujian province..%明代初年,沿海各地厉行海禁,浙江近海鲜有越界钓带的渔船。至万历年间,海防颓废,政策上的松弛使得福建渔民开始大规模的联船入钓,进入浙江近海捕捞带鱼。明清鼎革,清承明制,仍在闽浙沿海实行海禁,禁渔令开始收紧,不许渔船跨省采捕。这一定例在嘉庆年间被官方废止,福建渔民越界采捕的行为,最终得到了官方的许可。明清两朝,国家的海禁政策的松紧变化,成为左右福建渔民钓取带鱼的关键因素。