This paper first reviews the research covering three domains:economics,sociology,management and political science from 1989 to 2013,which focused on private enterprises’interactions with Chinese government in transformation era. From the institutionalism perspective,it then concerns the “actors”and their “logic of act”in the institutional field.It analyzes actors’symbiosis at three levels:macro-level (market and power),middle-level (enterprises and governments’ behavior)and micro-level(entrepreneurs and government officials).Moreover,there are three kinds of theories to explain those phenomena:binary interaction,corporate political behavior and individual relationship.Finally,it explores social origins behind these theories and points out the new directions of future research under the trends of globalization and democratization.%中国社会转型时期制度尚未定型，作为重要的制度行动者民营企业如何处理与政府之间的关系对企业生存与发展，对社会秩序与政治、经济制度形成有着特殊的重要性。本文跨学科领域对在1989—2013年关于民营企业与政府关系的相关研究进行梳理与述评。从宏观、中观、微观三个制度层次呈现出民营企业主要的政治行动类型与背后的社会根源，进一步归纳出三种观点：二元互动说、企业政治行为说、个体关系说。最后指出在全球化、技术化和多种社会力量不断发育的制度背景下未来研究的方向。
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