我国奶牛养殖规模与原料奶生产效率研究——基于DEA-Malmquist方法的实证

摘要

Based on the DEA-Malmquist index method,by using the panel data of provinces in milk production over the year between 2004 and 2011,this paper analyzes the relationship between milk production total factor productivity(TFP) and dairy farm scales (backyard,small-scale,medium-scale and large-scale dairy farms).Results show that,the TFP of backyard and small-scale dairy farms is lower than that of the medium-scale and large-scale dairy farms from the national level and as the time goes by,advantages of mass-breeding become increasingly prominent.But the relationship varies in the province level:TFP rises as the scale increases in Inner Mongolia and Jilin Province,on the contrary,TFP decreases with the scale goes up in Shandong and Henan Province.Besides,technological progress is the main driving force for milk production TFP during the period of 2004-2011,both in the country level and for provinces.%采用DEA-Malmquist生产率指数法,运用2004-2011年我国奶牛养殖的省级面板数据,本文分别从全国层面和省份层面对比分析了奶牛养殖模式(散养、小规模、中规模和大规模)与原料奶生产全要素生产率(TFP)的关系.研究结果显示,从全国层面看,散养和小规模的TFP小于中规模和大规模,并且随着时间的推移,中规模和大规模奶牛饲养的规模效应日益凸显；从省份层面看,原料奶生产的TFP是否随养殖规模的扩大而增加或者缩小,在不同省份之间存在差异:内蒙古和吉林的TFP随养殖规模扩大而增大,相反地,山东和河南散养模式的TFP相对更高；全国层面和省份层面的研究都显示,2004-2011年间我国原料奶生产的全要素生产率主要依靠技术进步来推动.