心场视域的主体--论儒家角色伦理的博大性

摘要

Rather than appealing to abstract agents,acts,motivations,reasons,choices,consequences,character traits, and so on,Confucian role ethics is grounded in a more holistic and eventful “narrative”understanding of persons.This being the case,we advance Confucian role ethics not as an alternative ethical theory,but as a more capaciousness,sui generis vision of the moral life that begins from and ultimately seeks its warrant in a relatively straightforward account of the human experi-ence.We begin life as an initially shallow,complex matrix of physical and social relations that evolve into a unique and coherent personal identity through an achieved focus and resolution in living those roles and relations that emerge to constitute our narra-tives.Agents are thus an expression of the ongoing attainment of relational virtuosity (仁)within their inherited natural and cultural legacy (天道)---as a particular focus within the unbounded field of experience.%儒家角色伦理不诉诸抽象的主体、行为、动机、理性、选择、结果、人格特征等等，而是植根于对人更为整体和多变的叙述性理解。因此，儒家角色伦理不是作为另一种伦理理论而被提出，而是赋予道德生活的一种更加广阔而独特的视角，这种道德生活始于在相对直接的人类经验中寻求保证。生活的开始，是由浅薄到复杂的生理和社会关系网，而发展为独特而一致的个人认同。为获得这个中心，只有生活在我们所处的关系和角色中，并逐渐生成我们的叙述方式，中心的问题才能在场域中得到解决。主体是这样一种表达，在天道的承袭中，自然与文化的遗产通过“仁”的持续获得而被继承，仁如同一个特殊的中心，在经验场域的无限展开中不断敞显自身。