Objective:To explore the IND-COL differences between Chinese and Westerners from the perspective of distinguishing be-tween the reference targets. Methods:The developed Individualism-Collectivism Questionnaire and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirabili-ty Scale were adopted to test 453 Chinese and 180 Westerners( mainly Canadians). Results:Chinese subjects were not less individualis-tic than the Western ones with respect to“individual self”and“relational others”,they were significantly more collectivistic than the Western ones with respect to“intimate others”and“unspecified group”;however,the effect size was small. The effect size of reference target was significant. Post Hoc Multiple Comparison’s results indicated that the sort of the total score of sub-questionnaire was the following:according to Chinese,“intimate others”>“individual self”>“relational others”>“unspecified group”( significant differ-ence between any two);according to Westerners,“individual self”>“intimate others”>“relational others”>“unspecified group”( significant difference between any two). Conclusions:There were no significant cultural difference between Chinese and Westernerns. The main effect of reference target was significant,Both Chinese and Westernerns inclined to show more individualism with the interper-sonal distance from close to alienate.%目的：通过区分参照对象，探讨中西方被试在个体主义一集体主义上的可能差异及具体表现。方法：采用中英文版自编问卷和马洛—克罗恩社会赞许性量表进行测量，其中中国被试453名和西方被试180名，并进行跨文化比较。结果：当参照对象是“自己”、一般关系群体时中西方被试没有显著差异；当参照对象是亲密关系群体、泛群体时中国被试得分显著高于西方被试，但两者的效应值都不高；参照对象对因变量的影响力效应值达到0.33；单纯主要效果比较显示中国被试的亲密关系群体总分＞“自己”＞一般关系群体＞泛群体（两两之间差异显著），西方被试的“自己”总分＞亲密关系群体＞一般关系群体＞泛群体（两两之间差异显著）。主要结论如下：文化间在个体主义—集体主义上的差异并不明显；参照对象对个体主义—集体主义的影响显著，随着人际距离由亲到疏中西方被试越倾向于个体主义。
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