生物土壤结皮发育及其影响因素研究进展

摘要

生物土壤结皮在干旱、半干旱地区分布较为广泛,约占陆地总面积的40％,生物土壤结皮是支撑该区生态系统主要的生物表面特征,在改善生态环境和草地土壤养分调控方面起着重要作用.自1960年以来,国内外许多学者对其生态功能进行了大量研究,但对生物土壤结皮演替机制及其微生境土壤养分变异特征的研究尚不明确.为此,本文就国内外该领域近50年来的研究进展和成果进行了详细阐述,以期了解生物土壤结皮发育对土壤肥力的作用过程;同时,也为研究干旱半干旱区退化草地生态系统的恢复与重建提供一定的科学思路.%Biological soil crusts are widely distributed in arid and semiarid regions,occupy approximately 40％ of the total land area,and determine the main biological surface characteristics of the ecological system,thereby playing an important role in improving the ecological environment and the meadow soil nutrient regulation.Since 1960,many experts worked a lot on its ecological functions at the domestic and international levels,but soil nutrients variation characteristics and microenvironmental processes of biological soil crust development remain unclear.Therefore,this paper which based on the domestic and international research progress and achievements in this field over 50 years,had detailed a lot.In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of biological soil crusts development on the cycling process of soil fertility;further,it provides suggestions for ecosystem restoration in the degraded grasslands of the Loess Plateau,China.