本研究基于世界经济论坛最新发布的《2018年全球竞争力报告》数据,对全球竞争力排名前28位的国家或地区的"技能"支柱及其下位的9项教育指标进行了比较分析.研究发现,芬兰、瑞士、美国、德国、丹麦等现有劳动力和未来劳动力的技能水平排名前列.中国全球竞争力排名第28位,"技能"表现明显低于其他27国(地区).在9项教育指标上,中国的表现均低于或显著低于大多数国家和28国(地区)平均值.教育是影响全球竞争力的核心指标之一,要提升国家竞争力,教育起着重要的甚至是基础性作用.本研究基于数据比较,针对我国与其他国家的差距,提出试点延长义务教育年限、合理扩大高等教育规模并提高质量、强化职业教育和培训、加强STEM教育和计算机科学教育、将技能组合作为课程目标和评价的核心等教育政策建议.%Based on Global Competitiveness Report 2018 published by World Economic Forum, this study compares the "skills"pillars and the nine subordinate educational indicators of the top 28 countries or regions in global competitiveness ranking. It found that Finland, Switzerland, the United States, Germany, Denmark, and other countries rank the forefront of the existing workforce and future labor skills. Ranked 28 th regarding global competitiveness, China has significantly lower"skills"performance than other 27 countries or regions. On the nine educational indicators, China was lower or significantly lower than most countries and the average of the 28 countries or regions. Education is one of the core indicators that affects global competitiveness. To promote national competitiveness, education plays an important and even fundamental role. Based on data comparison, this study proposes ten pieces of educational policy advice: extending the duration of compulsory education; rationally expanding the scale of higher education and improving its quality; strengthening vocational education and training; strengthening STEM education and computer science education; adopting skills or competencies as the core of curricular aims and assessment; and extending lifelong learning paths.
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