Effect of phenotypic and morphometric traits on fecundity of the pound cultured over-wintering gravid Macrobrachium nipponensis were studied using correlation analysis, path analysis, and regression analysis. Body weight （BW）, net weight （NW）, Body length （BL）, carapace length （CL）, carapace width （CW）, carapace height （CH）, total length of the abdominal segment （AL）, width of the first abdominal segment （AW）, height of the first abdominal segment （AH）, rostrum length （RL）, and telson length （TL） were measured, and the amount of eggs were counted for all individual. Before analyzing, absolute fecundity FJ, relative fecundity FW, and relative fecundity FL were calculated, respectively. The result indicated that： （1） The correlation coefficients among traits were at extremely significant level （P0.01）, and these correla- tion coefficients were significant different from each other. （2） By path analysis, BW, NW, CH, and RL can be regard as the main public variables that were most relevant to the fecundity of the gravid M. nipponensis. The path coefficients between traits and FJ （∑d = 0.810）, FL （∑d = 0.621）, and FW （∑d = 0.798） were ranged in the following order BW BL CH RL AL NW, BW CL RL CH TL NW, and BW CL CH RL NW, respectively. （3） By regression analysis, absolute fecundity FJ, relative fecundity FW, and relative fecundity FL, were calculated as FJ = 5087.802BW - 6599.877NW ＋ 200.927CH ＋ 114.774RL ＋ 211.878BL - 154.965AL - 6266.840, FW = 1140.538BW - 2018.663NW ＋ 85.217CH ＋ 70.852RL ＋ 78.694CL ＋ 74.623TL - 1152.576, and FL = 105.453BW - 134.613NW ＋ 4.307CH ＋ 2.709RL ＋ 3.623CL - 61.737, respectively. （4） Moreover, NW of the gravid shrimp can be well estimated by W（♀） = 0.029BL ＋ 0.065CL ＋ 0.121CW ＋ 0.105CH - 2.448, that was used to estimate the BW of the over-wintering females before mating.%采用多元分析方法定量研究了日本沼虾池养越冬抱卵亲虾体重（BW）、净重（NW）、体长（BL）、头胸甲长（CL）、胸宽（CW）、胸高（CH）、腹节长（AL）、额剑长（RL）、尾节长（TL）等11项表型性状对其个体繁殖力的影响效应。结果表明：（1）实验对象所测各表型性状间均呈极显著相关（P〈0.01）,它们在对个体繁殖力各评价指标的影响上具较好的区分度;（2）影响个体绝对繁殖力（FJ）、体重相对繁殖力（FW）和体长相对繁殖力（FL）的关键表型性状及其直接作用强弱排序分别为BW〉BL〉CH〉RL〉AL〉NW,BW〉CL〉RL〉CH〉TL〉NW和BW〉CL〉CH〉RL〉NW,相关指数依次为0.810、0.621和0.798,其中BW-NW组合和CH-RL组合分别为决定个体繁殖力的核心变量和公共从属变量;（3）适用于估算个体繁殖力的回归方程分别为：FJ=5087.802BW-6599.877NW＋200.927CH＋114.774RL＋211.878BL-154.965AL-6266.840,FW=1140.538BW-2018.663NW＋85.217CH＋70.852RL＋78.694CL＋74.623TL-1152.576,FL=105.453BW-134.613NW＋4.307CH＋2.709RL＋3.623CL-61.737;（4）W（♀）=0.029BL＋0.065CL＋0.121CW＋0.105CH-2.448可精确估算其净重值。
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