大学生成就动机与健康行为的关系研究--以山西省部分高校为例

摘要

Objective We Explored and analyzed the relationship between current situationand achievements of college students' health behaviors, in order to provide more theory references for improving the health condition and life quality of college students effectively. Methods We analyzed 638 full-time college students of four universities by using muti-stage sampling method. We did a questionnaire investigation on college students' health behaviors and then analyzed it with Likert 5-points scoring method and SPSS software. Results ⑴The scores of college students' health behaviors: 13.7% of them failed, 79.2% of them scored between 60-80 points, while only 7.1% of them scored more than 80 points. The factors such as gender, grade, family address, major and whether the student is the only child in his/her family have no significant effect on their health behaviors(P <0.05). Among the four dimensions of health behaviors, interpersonal support behavior ranks the first, followed by personal life style, study-related behaviors and pressure management behaviors.⑵Among the 620 students who were investigated, the average achievement motivation score is 2.46±8.87, and 64.4% of the 620 students cored more than 0. The factors such as gender, grade, family address, major and whether the student is the only child in his/her family have no significant effect on their health behaviors(P <0.05). The total score of achievement motivation and its dimensions and the total score of health behaviors are positively related. Conclusion The overall level of college students' health behavior is not high. Among the college students health behaviors, interpersonal support behavior is better, while pressure manage behavior needs to be improved. On the whole, the college students have a strong achievement motivation and those students who have a stronger achievement motivation tend to pat more attention to their own health behavior management.%　　目的探讨和分析大学生健康行为的现状及其与成就动机的关系，为探寻提高大学生健康行为的有效途径进而提高大学生健康素质和生活质量提供更多的理论参考。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法抽取山西省四所高校的638名全日制在校大学生作为调查对象，采用大学生健康行为调查问卷进行调查，采用Likert式5点计分法和SPSS软件对数据进行整理分析。结果⑴大学生健康行为得分：不及格人数占13.7%，79.2%的人介于60-80分之间，80分以上的人只占7.1%。性别、年级、家庭所在地、专业以及是否独生子女等因素对大学生健康行为无显著影响(P <0.05)。在健康行为的四个维度当中，人际支持行为得分最高，其余依次为个人生活习惯、学习相关行为和压力管理行为。⑵620名调查对象中，成就动机平均得分2.46±8.87，其中，64.4%的人成就动机得分大于0。性别、年级、家庭所在地、专业以及是否独生子女等因素对大学生成就动机无显著影响(P <0.05)。⑶成就动机总分及其各维度与健康行为总分及其各维度均呈正相关。结论大学生健康行为的总体水平不高，健康行为中人际支持行为较好，而压力管理行为有待提高。大学生整体成就动机较强，且成就动机越强的大学生更加注重对自身健康行为的管理。