我国城市蔓延问题已经引起学界的广泛关注,然而已有研究多针对沿海平原城市,少有对西部山地城市的相关研究.山地城市约占我国城市数量的三分之一,其快速蔓延对脆弱的山地生态系统造成了严重压力.本文针对山地城市的特点,从土地利用、开发密度、可达性等维度,构建了适宜于山地城市的蔓延测度体系.基于1997年、2006年和2016年的三期数据,以重庆主城区为例分析其蔓延特征,结果发现:2006—2016年的城市蔓延程度较1997—2006年有所加剧,山地城市的跳跃式、自发式开发特征显著,从传统的顺应地形开发过渡到跨越山水阻隔的开发;受山水制约与规划导向的影响,山地城市的外围组团蔓延程度较高,表现出低密度、不连续、低可达性和侵占生态空间的特征;山地城市的蔓延形态多样,包括工业园区主导的跳跃式蔓延、郊区住宅导向下的低密度蔓延、半城市化村庄导向下的无序蔓延.%Urban sprawl in China has aroused widespread concern in academic sphere. Many studies focused on investigating urban sprawl in coastal cities on the plains, but few studies conducted on the mountainous cities in the Western China. Mountainous cities account for about one-third of Chinese cities, so rapid sprawl in mountainous cities puts severe pressure on the local fragile mountain ecosystems. This paper proposes sprawl measuring indexes suitable for mountainous cities, considering land use, development density and accessibility. Taking a typical mountainous city ( central Chongqing) as a case study, the characteristics of urban sprawl were analyzed in this paper, based on land use data of 1997, 2006 and 2016. The results showed that the degree of urban sprawl in 2006—2016 was more severe than that in 1997—2006. Chongqing witnessed significant growth of spontaneous and leapfrog urban development, which was different from compact development adapting to undulating terrain by tradition. Chongqing had a high degree of sprawl particularly in the peri-urban areas, featured by urban development with low density, discontinuous growth, low accessibility and erosion of ecological space. Urban sprawl in Chongqing manifested as multiple forms and was driven by diverse factors, such as the leapfrog sprawl dominated by dozens of industrial parks, low-density sprawl driven by large suburban residential development, and disorder sprawl stimulated by hundreds of semi-urban villages.
展开▼
