Professional abilities are the comprehensive summary of various abilities of a laborer in one’s career, and the key to suppo rting his professional life. Postgraduate students are highly qualified professionals. The profes-sional abilitiesrelate to the personal development,to the existence value to the group,and to the contribution to the so-ciety. Therefore this essay comparatively analyzes,with the principle of comparative education,the postgraduate stu-dents innovation ability,human relations ability,communication ability as well as self-employment ability in China and the United States. This essay also reveals the causes,present situation,and problems of professional ability of postgraduate students in China,and explores the ways to improve the professional ability training of postgraduate stu-dents. There is great theoretical and practical significance in the research.%职业能力是劳动者从事某种职业必备的各项能力的综合概括，是支撑其职业人生的关键。研究生作为高素质的专业人才，其职业能力高低关乎其个人的发展前途，关乎其对团队的存在价值，关乎其对社会的贡献。因此运用比较教育学原理通过对中美研究生创新能力、人际关系能力、沟通交流能力以及自主创业能力的比较分析，揭示中国研究生职业能力的现状、问题及成因，探索提高中国研究生职业能力的路径具有重要理论意义和现实意义。
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