美国选择性教师认证项目的实施背景探析

摘要

Alternative teacher certification program is an important reform in American education today. Alternative teacher certification program refers to creations of state licensing agencies that are alternatives to the traditional college, campus-based (usually undergraduate) teacher education program route culminating in a certificate (license) to teach. The general phenomenon of teacher shortages is one of the targets that alternative certification programs designed to improve. The focus on improving the quality of the nation's teacher workforce and the need to recruit a more diverse pool of teachers are the catalysts for the implementation of alternative routes to teacher certification. There is growing dissatisfaction and impatience with traditional, university-based teacher education, which is also a reason of implementation of alternative routes.%选择性教师认证项目是美国重要的教育改革运动，是取得教师资格证书的非传统路径，是州认证机构在传统的以大学为本的教师教育计划之外建立的另一种颁发教师证书的可供选择的方法。解决教师短缺是选择性认证项目产生的最直接的动因，除此之外，美国社会对教师质量的关注，对教师队伍结构优化的要求以及对于现行教师教育的不满，均是促使选择性教师认证项目开展实施的催化剂。