美国神经性毒剂救治研究进展

摘要

Nerve agent not only inhibit acetylcholinesterase ( AChE) at an early stage, but also induce prolonged and progressive neuroinflammation and delayed neurodegeneration.Recently, the US National Institute of Health ( NIH) has sponsored some major programs of toxic mechanisms and treatment of nerve agents, which aims at the development of quick and effective treatment to acute intoxication and delayed effect.The experimentally effective new antidotes mainly include AChE-targeting drugs, broad-spectrum reactivators and scavengers, antiinflamatory and nerve protection drugs.%神经性毒剂除了在早期抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶（ AChE）外，也导致长期的进行性神经炎和迟发神经退行性病变。近年来，美国国立卫生研究院资助了多项神经性毒剂中毒机制和治疗药物的研究，旨在快速高效对抗神经性毒剂急性中毒及远后效应。正在研制的治疗药物主要包括AChE靶向药物、广谱重活化剂和生物清除剂、抗炎及神经保护药。