Pollution of the aquaculture environment has been a serious problem for the future development of aquaculture industry. Because of the significant importance of microorganisms in the environment of aquaculture, this paper provides an overview of modern microbial recognition technology from the technical aspects. According to the targets, the microbial recognition technology was divided into two types: one targeting nucleotides of microorgansims, the other targetting the surface antigens of microorganisms. The application of the two technologies was also summarized in the present paper, which could provide a reference for the improvement of aquaculture environment and the control of the disease in the aquaculture animals.%养殖环境的恶化已成为制约水产业健康发展的瓶颈.鉴于微生物在养殖水体中的重要作用,本文从技术角度对近年来发展起来的现代微生物分子识别技术进行了概括介绍,并综述了以核酸为靶分子和以微生物表面抗原为靶分子的两类微生物识别技术在水产养殖中的应用进展,为水产养殖环境的改善及其病害防治提供参考.
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