液相剥离法制备石墨烯的新进展

摘要

Graphene is a two-dimensional material with unique structure and excellent properties.Since it was successfully prepared for the first time in 2004,graphene has become a hot point of many fields such as materials,chemistry,physics and engineering.Presently,several preparation methods of graphene have been reported,including chemical oxidation-reduction,chemical vapor deposition(CVD) and liquid-phase exfoliation(LPE),etc.Among them,LPE is an important way to realize industrialization.This review article mainly summarizes the recent researches about the LPE with ultrasonic.The effect of ultrasonic is simply explained and the LPE through pure solvents or binary solvents,and the LPE with additives are summarized.Furthermore,the mechanisms of different ways are discussed.Finally,several methods to improve the exfoliation efficiency are proposed and the way of choosing new solvents or additives is pointed out,aiming at providing references for developing more effective exfoliation systems or new methods to prepare high quality graphene more effectively.%石墨烯是一种具有独特结构和优异性能的二维材料,自从2004年其被成功制备以来,迅速成为材料、化学、物理和工程领域的研究热点.目前,制备石墨烯的方法有很多,包括化学氧化还原法、化学气相沉积法以及液相剥离法等,其中液相剥离法是一种非常重要的制备方法,有望实现高质量石墨烯的工业化生产.主要总结了以超声波作为动力的液相剥离法的相关报道,并对其进行了分类讨论.解释了超声波的作用,着重介绍了以纯溶剂和二元溶剂为剥离溶剂的液相剥离方法,以及助剂辅助剥离的液相剥离方法的研究进展,并综述了各种方法的剥离机理.同时提出了提高石墨剥离效率的方法,指出了选择新溶剂或助剂的原则,旨在为研究更高效生产高质量石墨烯的方法提供参考.