Industrial high-carbon steel of 60Si2CrV. CrWMn. Mnl3 and GCrl5 were hea:ed and quenched in order to obtain martensite. The morphology and substructure of martensite were observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and the formation mechanism of martensite also was studied. The results show that the martensite in high-carbon steel was plate martensite and the cryptocrystalline martensite also was plate martensite in fact. The substructure of the martensite in high-carbon sieel mainly included twin crystal, and also included high-density dislocations. Martensite could nucleate not only in austenite crystal grain interior, but also at austenite crystal grain boundaries, twin crystal boundaries and the phase interfaces. It was considered that martensite morphology was essentially affected by volume strain energy during martensite phase transformation and the formation of substructure was closely related to the volume strain energy.%将60Si2CrV、CrWMn、Mn13和GCr15等工业常用高碳钢分别进行加热淬火得到马氏体组织,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察了马氏体的组织形貌与亚结构,并探讨了其形成机制.结果表明:高碳钢中的马氏体为片状马氏体,隐晶马氏体实际上也是片状马氏体；马氏体的亚结构以孪晶为主,但也有高密度位错；马氏体可在奥氏体晶粒内部、晶界、孪晶界面及相界面等处形核；马氏体相变时的体积应变能是影响马氏体组织形貌的根本原因,其亚结构的形成也与体积应变能的变化密切相关.
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