三都澳大型底栖动物种类组成特点

摘要

The paper studied the macrobenthic species composition and diversity in Sandu Bay, based on the sediment samples from 9 cruises from April 2009 to February 2010. Totally 119 macrobenthic species were identified in the study area, of which polychaetes represented the most dominant groups, with species number 65 and accounted for 54. 62% of total species. Crustaceans and mollusks were also commonly seen groups, with species number 21 (17.65%) and 16 (13.45%) , respectively. Other groups, including echinoderms, coelenterates and nemerteans, were rarely distributed in Sandu Bay. Species numbers in Spring and Winter were higher than those in Summer and Autumn. As for spatial distribution, species numbers from stations near outer part of the bay were higher than those from middle and inner parts. Angulus lanceolatus and Cirratulus filiformis were mostly overwhelmed in abundances in some cruises ( e. g. August 2009 and February 2010 cruises, with dominant values 0. 113 and 0.066 respectively). Other species with dominant value more than 0.02 were also considered to be dominant species, including Prionospio pacifica, Protankyra bidentata, Poecilochaetus serpens, Cirratulus filiformis, Sternaspis scutata, Lumbrineris heteropoda, Nephtys oligobranchia, Lysilla pacifica, Terebellide stroemii, Angulus lanceolatus, Aglaophamus dibranchis, Numetinea sp. , and Laonice cirrata. Dominant species varied significantly in different cruises. However, Sternaspis scutata was predominant in five cruises ( nine cruises in total). Dominant species were more diversified in Spring and Winter, while in Summer and Autumn only a few species dominated. The study suggested that activities of mariculture had marked influences on the macobenthic assemblages in Sandu Bay.%根据2009年5月至2010年2月期间共9个航次在三都澳水域采集的底泥样品,分析三都澳大型底栖动物种类组成特点及其与养殖活动之间的关系.结果表明,三都澳水域底泥样品中共出现大型底栖动物119种,其中多毛类动物种类数量优势明显,达65种,占总种类数54.62％；甲壳动物和软体动物也是此水域常见类群,种类数分别为21种(占17.65％)和16种(占13.45％),其它类群种类数量较少.季节变化呈现出春冬两季种类数量多于夏秋两季的特点.空间分布具有湾口区种类数量较多,且年内波动较小特点.不同航次样品中大型底栖动物优势种类分别为太平洋稚齿虫(Prionospio pacifica)、棘刺锚参(Protankyra bidentata)、蛇杂毛虫(Poecilochaetus serpens)、细丝鳃虫(Cirratulus filiformis)、不倒翁虫(Sternaspis scutata)、异足索沙蚕(Lumbrineris heteropoda)、寡鳃齿吻沙蚕(Nephtys oligobranchia)、太平洋单蛰虫(Lysilla pacifica)、梳鳃虫(Terebellide stroemii)、扁蛰虫(Lomia medusa)、光亮倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus lucidus)、角蛤(Angulus lanceolatus)、双鳃内卷齿蚕(Aglaophamus dibranchis、纽虫(Numetinea sp.)、后稚虫(Laonice cirrata),其中以角蛤和细丝鳃虫优势度最为明显,最大值分别为0.113(2009年8月航次)和0.066(2010年2月航次)；不倒翁虫是最为常见优势种,在5个航次样品中均占优势.其它不同季节优势种差异明显.春冬季优势种类较多,而夏秋季优势种类则较少.研究结果显示,三都澳养殖活动对大型底栖动物群落已产生明显影响.