针对钛合金TC4在火花油中放电加工电极损耗大的问题,以蒸馏水和火花油为工作介质,进行了钛合金TC4的放电加工试验,分析比较了两者的电极绝对损耗量和相对损耗率的差异,并从加工波形和加工后电极的表面微观形貌及主要成分等几个方面研究了电极损耗机制.结果表明:蒸馏水的绝缘性较差,而流动性和冷却性好,消电离较充分,改善了极间状态,加工稳定,使加工效率大大提高;另外加工过程中产生的少量氧化钛和从工件飞溅的蚀除产物附着在电极表面,形成覆盖层,有效抑制了电极损耗.其电极绝对损耗与火花油加工时相差不大但相对损耗却大大降低.%This paper uses distilled water and keroseme as dielectries to make experiments on titanium alloy (TC4) electro-discharge machining for the problems of its large tool wear, compares and analyzes two dielectrics' differences about tool absolute and relative wear and then researches on the tool wear, mechanism of titanium alloy by EDM from machining wave form and the tool's surface micro-morphology. The results show that using the distilled water as dielectric, the working efficiency is greatly enhanced, because the insulativity of distilled water is poor, but the abilities of flow and cooling are good, so that it makes the deionization full and interelectrode status ameliorated. In addition, a little of titanium dioxide produced by machining and ablation products splashed from workpiece are adhering to the surface of electrode. It is effective to restrain the tool wear. Therefore, compared with kerosene, the tool absolute wear is similar, but its relative wear is much lower in distilled water.
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