中国当代文学中的记忆伦理

摘要

“文革”以后，中国当代文学有关革命的记忆，集中表现为对旧、新精英苦难的责问，并产生了彻底否定革命、重建“中国”的伦理效应。当代文学记忆所以能完成此类伦理建构，与其“可以叙述之事”与“不可叙述之事”相互适配的故事策略，与其通过短线叙述、封闭叙述等技术手段以保证“（革命）施难/（个体）受难”因果机制的解释霸权皆有密切关系。而知识分子本位的思维缺陷，也导致了当代文学记忆中下层利益缺位和革命被客体化解读的隐形之痛。其“深刻的片面”的伦理诉求，一定程度上埋下中国社会未来改革的不安与风险。%After the“Cultural Revolution”, the memories of revolution in Chinese contemporary literature mostly comprise the responsibility for the sufferings of the elites of different age, resulting in the wholesale repudiation of revolution and the reconstruction of Chinese ethical effect. Memories of contemporary literature built up the ethical structure, combining the narrative stories with non-narrative stories, and revealing the causal mechanism of “(revolutionary) causing sufferings and (individual) sufferers”through brief account, closed account, and other ways of narrations. The thinking defects of intellectuals also gave rise to the loss of interests for the lower classes in the memories of contemporary literature and misinterpretation of revolution. The partial ethical demands tend to be the factors of instability and risks in social reform for future China.