With the special topography and geographical conditions, mountainous townscape presents its distinctive complexities including regional urban and rural space with smal scattered distribution; urban spatial structure in dispersed layout and conditions of construction; and the site with complex forms of cross-section. This paper takes mountainous townscape as the research object, and analyzes the differences from 4 aspects: form, ecology, morphology and format. The result indicates that different features of mountain cities prominent containing multi-dimensional morphology, ecology of complex coordination, modal of pluralistic coexistence and format of composite space. According to differences in characteristics and from four states, the paper further proposed systematic landscape optimization strategies of the combination of space, ecological networks, cultural context and complex format, to provide the academic support and practical reference on how to do the urban planning and construction of mountainous townscape.%特殊地貌地理条件下的山地城镇景观，呈现小聚大散的区域城乡空间、组团式分散布局的城镇空间结构、断面形式复杂的建设立地条件等复杂性，差异性特征凸显。以山地城市景观为研究对象，分别从形态、生态、情态及业态4个方面对其差异性特征进行分析。结果表明，山地城镇景观具有形态立体多维、生态复杂协同、情态多元共存、业态空间复合的显著特征。针对这些差异性特征，从“四态”方面进一步提出了空间组合、生态网络、人文脉络及复合业态的系统性景观优化策略，以建构山地城镇景观的适宜技术路线，为山地城镇景观的规划建设提供理论与实践支持。
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