眼科术后感染患者病原菌分布及其药敏性分析

摘要

目的：研究眼科术后感染患者病原菌的分布情况，并分析其对各抗菌药物的药敏性，为临床及时、合理使用抗菌药物提供医学依据。方法选取2010年2月至2014年12月就诊于本院眼科的术后感染患者60例，通过涂片获得患者眼部病原菌，经革兰染色和药敏试验，针对病原菌的分布进行分析。结果检出的病原菌为革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌和真菌。有50．00％患者被检出革兰阳性菌，其中表皮葡萄球菌占21．67％；25．00％的患者被检出革兰阴性菌，其中铜绿假单胞菌占10．00％；有25．00％的患者被检出真菌。对病原菌进行药敏试验，革兰阴性菌中铜绿假单胞菌对阿米卡星、舒巴坦钠、他唑巴坦、亚胺培南、美罗培南的敏感性均大于或等于83．30％；革兰阳性菌中表皮葡萄球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌对利奈唑安、万古霉素和环丙沙星的敏感性均大于或等于75．00％。结论眼科术后患者感染的病原菌，革兰阴性菌、革兰阳性菌和真菌均有，对常用青霉素等有较高的耐药性，但不同的病原菌都有各自敏感性较高的药物，临床上有针对性地、及时地选择有效的抗菌药物进行预防或治疗，从而降低眼科术后的感染率。%Objective To investigate the pathogens distribution in the ophthalmological patients with postoperative infection and to analyze their sensitivity to various antibacterial drugs in order to provide the medical evidence for rational and timely use of anti‐bacterial drugs in clinic .Methods Sixty cases postoperative infection in the ophthalmological department of our hospital from Feb‐ruary 2010 to December 2014 were selected .The pathogens in the ocular region were obtained by smear and performed the Gram staining and drug susceptibility test .The pathogens distribution was analyzed .Results The detected pathogens were Gram‐negative bacteria ,Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi .Gram‐positive bacteria were detected in 50 .00 % of the patients ,in which Staphylococcus epidermidis accounted for 21 .67% ;Gram‐negative bacteria were detected in 25 .00% of the patients ,in which Pseudomonas aerugi‐nosa accounted for 10 .00% ;fungi were detected in 25 .00% of the patients .The drug susceptibility test for the detected pathogens was performed .In Gram‐negative bacteria ,the sensitivity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to amikacin ,sulbactam sodium ,tazobactam , imipenem and meropenem was ≥83 .30% ;in Gram‐positive bacteria ,the sensitivity of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococ‐cus aureus to linezolid ,vancomycin and ciprofloxacin was≥75 .00% .Conclusion The postoperative infection in ophthalmological patients include the pathogens of Gram‐negative bacteria ,Gram‐positive bacteria and fungi with higher resistance to penicillin ,but different pathogens have their high sensitivity drugs .Clinic pertinently and timely select effective antibacterial drugs for conducting prevention and treatment ,thus reduces the postoperative infection .