氯化钠的大鼠亚慢性毒性观察

摘要

Objective To explore the sub-chronic toxicity of sodium chloride on rat by oral gavage.Methods Eighty SPF SD rats were randomly divided into control,low-dose,middle-dose and highdose groups with half male and half female.The treatment groups were exposed to sodium chloride (low-dose group with 100 mg/kg,middle-dose with 500 mg/kg and high-dose group with 1 000 mg/kg) and the control group were exposed with pure water by oral gavage for continuous 90 days.Clinical observations,daily diet consumption and body weight of rats in each group were recorded during exposure.After exposure completed,the rats were anesthetized and blood samples were collected from abdominal aorta to test the routine blood indexes,serum biochemistry and plasma electrolytes.The main organs were dissected and weighed to calculate the organ coefficients.Histopathology changes of main organs were observed by microscopy.Results There were no difference in body weight,blood routine index,daily ration and organ coefficients between all groups (P＞0.05).Serum biochemistry examination showed that,compared with the control group,the ALT and AST were decreased (P＜0.05) while the TBIL and calcium content were increased (P＜0.05) in middle-dose and high-dose groups.In the pathological examination of rats,pathological changes of spongy degeneration,congestion,necrosis and infiltration of liver were found in some rats in middle-dose and high-dose groups.And some male rats in middle-dose and high-dose groups also found renal?tubular calcification,thymic hemorrhage and bleeding tendency of lymph nodes.No changes of biological significance were found in the serum biochemistry examination in the control and low-dose group.No pathological lesion can been seen in the control and low-dose group.Conclusion The sub-chronic toxicity of sodium chloride by oral administration can cause blood circulatory disorder and renal deposition of calcium salt in male rat.%目的 探索氯化钠的大鼠亚慢性经口毒性.方法 将80只SPF级SD大鼠按体质量随机分为对照组,氯化钠低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组20只,雌雄各半.低、中、高剂量组染毒剂量分别为100 mg/kg、500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg,采取灌胃方式染毒,连续染毒90d,对照组给予纯水.试验期间观察大鼠临床表现,记录大鼠体质量和摄食量,染毒结束后将大鼠麻醉,经腹主动脉采血分别用于检测血液生化、血常规和电解质.解剖主要脏器称量脏器重量计算脏器系数并进行组织病理学检查.结果 试验结束后各组大鼠的体质量、血常规指标、食物利用率和脏器系数均无明显变化(P＞0.05);血生化结果显示,对照组与低剂量组各项生化指标均无明显变化(P＞0.05),中、高剂量组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平低于对照组(P＜0.05),总胆红素(TBIL)和钙含量升高(P＜0.05).组织病理学结果显示,中、高剂量组大鼠出现肝脏局灶性炎细胞侵润、海绵状变性和淤血,雄性大鼠出现肾小管钙化、胸腺及淋巴结出血,对照组和低剂量组大鼠未见明显病理损伤.结论 氯化钠亚慢性经口染毒可能引起雄性大鼠的血液循环障碍和肾脏钙盐沉积.