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湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）

湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）

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    国际刊号/ISSN：1007-1032
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  • 主管单位：湖南农业大学
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湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版） >2021年第6期

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  • 摘要：对3种复种制度(稻-稻-肥(紫云英)、稻-稻-油(油菜)、稻-稻-闲(冬闲))下秸秆还田对水稻生产能力的影响进行研究.结果表明:冬作秸秆还田条件下,早稻产量以稻-稻-肥处理最高,稻-稻-油处理居中,两者分别比稻-稻-闲处理高3.1％和1.8％;冬作秸秆与早稻秸秆还田使晚稻显著增产,稻-稻-肥与稻-稻-油处理比稻-稻-闲处理分别增产15.4％和11.0％;秸秆还田使水稻增产的主要原因是显著提高了叶面积、干物质积累量、有效穗数、每穗粒数和粒叶比,不同冬作秸秆还田的增产效应有差异,绿肥(紫云英)效果好于油菜秸秆,且2种秸秆对增加早稻干物质积累的作用机制具有明显差异,绿肥主要增加孕穗前的干物质积累,而油菜秸秆主要增加齐穗后的干物质积累.
  • 摘要：通过大田试验,研究施氮量、留叶数、打顶时间和留叶采收方式等农艺措施对美引烤烟品种NC71主要经济性状的影响.结果表明:增加施氮量,NC71的生长势增强,叶面积指数增加,成熟期上部叶叶面积增大,但NC71对氮肥反应的敏感性不如K326,各主要经济性状指标不存在品种与氮肥互作效应,施氮量105 kg/hm2时,NC71的中上等烟比例、级指、产值较高,NC71适宜需氮量与K326相当;留叶数20片/株处理,产量中等,上等烟比例和级指最高,产值最大;现蕾后5d打顶,叶面积指数、上部叶片和产量中等,中等烟比例、级指和产值最高;采取CS2(去2片底脚叶不烘烤)的留叶采收方式提高烟叶产量、等级和产值.建议在中等土壤肥力条件下,对NC71采取适宜施氮(与K326相当,约105.0 kg/hm2),留叶数20片/株,现蕾后5d打顶,CS2留叶采收方式等栽培措施.
  • 摘要：Wx和fgr基因分别调控水稻直链淀粉含量和香气形成.在基于凝胶电泳功能标记的基础上,发展基于高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)的功能标记Wx-a/b和BAD2-E7,分别用于鉴定88份水稻种质Wx和fgr的基因型.利用LightScanner 96平台进行HRM检测,单次检测在10 min内即可完成最多96个样品的基因型分析.结果表明,88份水稻种质中,25份含纯合Wxa基因型的种质,直链淀粉含量为25.08％; 59个含纯合Wxb基因型的种质,直链淀粉含量为15.00％,其余4个杂合型(Wxa/Wxb)的直链淀粉含量为18.13％.携带纯合fgr基因的3份种质(巴太香占、象牙香占和Basmati 370),其全部米粒均带有香气,而携带杂合fgr的2份种质,只有部分米粒带有香气.
  • 摘要：对湖南各地区送检猪病料进行了猪圆环病毒(PCV)的PCR检测,并对PCV阳性病料的DNA进行了猪圆环病毒1(PCV1)与PCV2的PCR分型检测.结果表明:送检的192份样品中,有117份为PCV阳性;117份PCV阳性样品全部含有PCV2的DNA,其中2份既有PCV2也有PCV1的DNA;对病料中的PCV2进行克隆,获得的序列均为PCV2-1基因组,对其中2株毒株的序列进行感染性克隆病毒的构建,拯救的病毒命名为PCV2(2-1)和PCV2 (4-1);对PCV2(2-1)和PCV2 (4-1)进行培养,结果2株病毒均可以在换液维持的细胞中有效的复制.
  • 摘要：为了解邵阳烟区植烟土壤交换性镁含量分布状况,测试了邵阳烟区1 790个土壤样本的交换性镁含量,采用经典统计学和地统计学方法分析了邵阳烟区植烟土壤交换性镁含量的丰缺状况和时空分布及其与pH、有机质含量间的关系.结果表明:①邵阳烟区植烟土壤交换性镁含量总体偏低,平均值为0.78 cmol/kg,变异系数为51.39％,处于适宜范围的样本占16.98％;②邵阳县和隆回县植烟土壤交换性镁含量极显著高于新宁县,植烟土壤交换性镁含量分布总体是北部高于南部,植烟土壤交换性镁含量2012年比2002年低10.75％～20.65％;③植烟土壤pH与交换性镁含量呈二次曲线关系,pH 5.0以下的土壤交换性镁含量处于缺镁或潜在缺镁状态,植烟土壤有机质含量与交换性镁含量间的关系无明显规律.
  • 摘要：分析喀斯特峰丛洼地次生林(CL)、灌草丛(GC)、牧草地(MC)、玉米地(YM)共4种典型土地利用方式下土壤的有机质含量及养分特征,探讨不同土地利用方式对土壤养分含量的影响.结果表明:0～30 cm土层土壤有机碳、全氮含量随土地利用强度的增加而降低,与YM土壤相比,CL土壤的有机质含量高38.5％～100％,全氮含量高63％～130％(P＜0.05);4种土壤的全磷含量间差异和全钾含量间差异均达极显著水平(P＜0.01);速效磷含量受土地利用方式影响明显,CL土壤的速效磷含量最低,GC土壤的次之,YM土壤的最高;速效钾含量受植被覆盖和水土流失状况的影响较明显,CL土壤和GC土壤的速效钾含量均高于MC土壤和YM土壤的;土地利用方式是影响土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效钾等养分含量变化的重要因素,不同土地利用方式下,土壤氮、磷、钾养分含量间的差异达显著水平(P＜0.05);耕作、施肥等人类活动使土壤养分含量发生变化,从而导致土壤退化,而植被恢复等措施可以培肥土壤.
  • 摘要：为了探明包膜复混肥在油菜方面的应用效果,采用田间小区试验,研究包膜复混肥料对‘湘杂油1613’油菜产量、生物量和养分积累的影响.结果表明:包膜复混肥能够提高作物产量和结实率,产量可达到2 342.49kg/hm2,比对照增产114.79％,比全量普通复混肥处理增产10％;千粒重达到4.9g,比对照提高9.9％;每角果粒数平均16.94个,比对照提高28.9％;包膜复混肥对肥力调节具有显著作用,能够一定程度上调节光合物质的转移方向,有效促进前期根的生长;施用包膜复混肥的氮、磷、钾利用率分别达45.04％、17.38％、72.20％,比普通复混肥处理分别提高了11.98％,26.02％,25.52％.
  • 摘要：采用稀释平板法,从铜污染红壤中分离得到2株耐铜真菌.对菌株的形态和ITS基因序列同源性进行分析.结果表明:2株真菌分别为淡紫色拟青霉(Paecilomyces lilacinus)和土曲霉(Aspergillus terreus),最高可耐受铜浓度均为300 mg/L.在Cu2+质量浓度为10 mg/L的培养基中添加10g/L湿菌,在pH 5、25℃、120 r/min条件下振荡吸附30 min后,P.lilacinus和A.terreus对Cu2+的吸附率分别达85.45％和87.54％.
  • 摘要：为探讨荔枝在机械采摘、贮运中的挤压受损状况,以挤压损伤的可能因素(压缩率、挤压材料、挤压方向和挤压速度)为试验因子,通过加卸载正交试验,研究了挤压对荔枝机械损伤和力学参数的影响.结果表明:对荔枝挤压机械损伤影响显著的因素依次为压缩率、挤压方向、挤压材料和挤压速度.压缩率每增加1％,荔枝的机械损伤度平均增加3.03％;挤压材料为橡胶时,荔枝的机械损伤度最小.影响荔枝弹性度最显著的因素是挤压方向,而对荔枝其余力学参数影响最显著的因素是压缩率;荔枝的弹性度横向大于纵向;压缩率增加,弹性度减少,而其余力学参数增加.荔枝挤压机械损伤与力学参数的关系方程决定系数为0.913,与荔枝挤压机械损伤最相关的力学参数是峰值挤压力和弹性度.
  • 摘要：为探明大理烟区主要植烟土壤的肥力及早地、水田肥力的差异,对大理烟区12个县、市植烟土壤的pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量进行了研究.结果表明:研究区内大部分植烟土壤酸碱适中,有机质分布较均匀,速效氮、速效磷含量普遍较高,应合理控施氮肥和磷肥；速效氮含量以大理市最高(121.29 mg/kg),漾濞县最低(73.73 mg/kg);速效磷含量以洱源县最高(90.99 mg/kg),剑川县最低(38.86 mg/kg),但各地区差异均不显著；速效钾含量以洱源县最高(225.82 mg/kg),大理市最低(107.18 mg/kg),差异显著；大理市植烟土壤速效钾含量均偏低,剑川县、弥渡县、南涧县、祥云县和云龙县各有75％、87.5％、44.44％、44.44％、66.67％的植烟土壤速效钾含量偏低,需合理增施钾肥,洱源县和巍山县各有66.67％的植烟土壤速效钾含量偏高,需控制施用钾肥；大理烟区35.6％的植烟旱地和51.4％的植烟水田速效钾含量偏低；植烟水田供氮、磷能力较强,旱地供钾能力较强；植烟水田肥力变异程度较旱地小,需合理控施氮肥和磷肥,增施钾肥.%In this paper, the pH value, organic matter, available N, available P and available K of soil in 12 counties and cities in Dali tobacco growing areas were analyzed and compared to investigate fertility of the tobacco growing soil and the difference in soil fertility between dry and paddy field. The results showed most of the soil in the studied area were of moderate pH and the organic matters in the soil distributed homogenately with higher available N and P, indicating that the application of N and P must be controlled. The highest content of soil available N appeared in Dali city (121.29 mg/kg) and the lowest was in Yangpi county, but the difference was not significant among different places. The difference in content of available K. In different places was significant, with that in Eryuan county the highest and that in Dali the lowest. The content of available K. In Dali tobacco-growing soil was generally low, the available K content in 75%, 87.5%, 44.44%, 44.44%, 66.67% of Jianchuan county, Midu county, Nanjian county, Xiangyun county and Yunlong county tobacco growing soil respectively were low, indicating appropriate K. Application must be applied. 66.67% tobacco growing soil in Eryuan county and Weishan county respectively showed high content of available K, indicating the application of K. Need to be controlled. In Dali tobacco area, 35.6% dry field and 51.4% paddy field were lower in available K. The paddy field exhibited strong capacity to supply N and P while the dry field had strong capacity to supply K. The fertility variance of paddy field was smaller than that of the dry field, indicating N and P must be appropriately applied and application of K must be increased in the paddy field.
  • 摘要：In order to explore the ameliorating role of nitroprusside (SNP) on inhibition of seed germination caused by cadmium, the effects of 10, 30, 50, 100, 200 and 500 umol/L SNP on seed germination, seedling growth and physiological characteristics of rice were studied under cadmium stress. The results showed that the rice seed germination and seedling growth were significantly inhibited, the germination potential, germination index, vigor index, root and shoot length, and the activities of SOD, G-POD, APX and CAT significantly increased and the malondialdehyde (MDA) content significantly decreased under 100 umol/L cadmium stress compared to the control. Low concentration of SNP (≤ 100 μmol/L) could alleviate the inhibition effects of cadmium, under which the germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root and shoot fresh weight, the activities of SOD, G-POD and APX of rice seedlings increased and the MDA content was significantly inhibited. Thirty umol/L SNP exhibited the most prominent alleviating effect, but the effect faded away with the increase of SNP concentration. When the concentration of SNP reached 500 umol/L, the toxicity effect of cadmium stress on the rice seedlings was aggravated.%为了探讨外源NO供体硝普钠对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发受抑的缓解作用,研究10、30、50、100、200、500 μmol/L硝普钠(SNP)对镉胁迫(100 μmol/L)下水稻种子萌发、幼苗生长及相关生理指标的影响.结果表明,100μmol/L镉胁迫使水稻种子萌发和幼苗生长受到抑制,发芽势、发芽指数、活力系数、幼苗根长和芽长均显著降低,丙二醛(MDA)含量显著增加,SOD、G-POD、APX及CAT的活性明显受到抑制.较低浓度(≤100 μmol/L)硝普钠处理能提高镉胁迫下水稻种子的发芽指数和活力指数,增加幼苗的根长、芽长、根和芽鲜重,增强SOD、G-POD和APX活性并降低MDA含量,从而缓解镉的毒害效应,其中以30 μmol/L硝普钠处理效果最好.但随着硝普钠浓度的增大,其对镉胁迫的缓解效应逐渐减弱,当销普钠浓度达500 μmol/L时,会加剧镉胁迫的毒害作用.
  • 摘要：To study the immunoregulatory actions of triterpene from Rubus corchorifolius Leaf (TRL), the immunodepressive mice model was constructed by intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide (CTX). The model mice were randomly divided into high, middle, low dose groups and CK2 group which received 0.25, 0.50, 1.00 mg/Ml TRL and NaCl daily by gastric gavage respectively for 15 d. The weight of mice, the thymus index, the spleen index, the clearance index, the abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates, and the content of IL-2 and IL-6 in the serum were measured. The results showed that the high-dose TRL could improve the clearance index of the model mice. The IL-2 content in the middle dose group was lower than CK2( P ＜0.05), the high dose group was significantly lower than CK2 (P ＜0.01). The IL-6 content in the low dose group was lower than CK2, but the difference was not significant; the middle dose group and the high dose group were significantly lower than the low dose group and CK2( P ＜0.01), the high dose group was significantly lower than the other groups, except for the middle dose group( P ＜0.01).The results indicated that TRL had remarkable immunoregulatory actions.%为探明山莓叶三萜的免疫调节作用,腹腔注射环磷酰胺诱导大鼠免疫低下.将成模后大鼠分别连续灌服生理盐水和0.25、0.50、1.00 mg/mL山莓叶三萜精提物(以下简称模型对照组(CK2)、低浓度组、中浓度组和高浓度组),每天灌服1次,1 mL/次,连续15d.试验结果:各模型组大鼠的廓清指数和吞噬指数均随山莓叶三萜精提物浓度的升高呈上升趋势,但廓清指数各组间的差异不显著.中浓度组大鼠血清中的白细胞介素-2 (IL-2)含量显著低于CK2,高浓度组的极显著低于CK2.低浓度组大鼠血清中的IL-6含量低于CK2,但二者差异不显著；中浓度组和高浓度组均极显著低于低浓度组和CK2,高浓度组极显著低于除中浓度组外的其他模型组.结果表明,山莓叶三萜具有一定的免疫调节作用(山莓叶三萜提取物能提高大鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬能力；对大鼠IL-2、IL-6分泌具有抑制作用).
  • 摘要：为探讨不同施肥处理对侵蚀性红壤的修复效应,研究了施化肥(NPK)、化肥+有机肥(NPKM)、化肥+土壤调理剂2号(NPKR2)与不施肥(CK)处理对不同母质发育的侵蚀性红壤酸性和交换性能的修复效应.结果表明:NPKM及NPKR2处理均可明显提高各种酸性土壤的pH缓冲能力,NPK处理效果则不明显；NPKR2可改良和降低土壤酸化程度,NPKM处理则只能增大土壤的pH缓冲容量,对改良土壤酸化的效果不显著；NPKM处理可提高土壤有机质含量,但土壤有机质含量与土壤pH缓冲能力不成正比；各施肥处理均能显著降低板页岩红壤、网纹层红壤和均质层红壤铝离子的活性,但只有NPKR2处理能明显降低花岗岩红壤的铝离子活性,其他施肥处理的效果不明显；各施肥处理的土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)均差异不大；NPKR2处理的土壤有效阳离子交换量(ECEC)显著高于其他处理；不同施肥处理下网纹层红壤和均质层红壤的ECEC均显著高于对照,而花岗岩红壤和板页岩红壤仅NPKR2处理有显著提高.%In order to understand the remediation effect of different fertilization structure on eroded soil, a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the restoration effects of Chemical fertilizer (NPK), NPK + Organic fertilizer (NPKM), NPK.+ Soil conditioner R2 (NPKR2), No fertilization (CK) on the acidic and exchange properties of eroded red soil which developed from different parent materials. The results indicated that treatments of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKM) and combined application of inorganic fertilizer and soil conditioner 2 (NPK.R2) could increase pH and buffer capacity significantly while the single fertilizer treatment (NPK) had no obvious effect. Treatment NPKR2 could ameliorate and decrease the acidic property of soil. Treatment NPKM could only increase pH buffer capacity of the soil, but not increase soil pH significantly. Treatment NPKM could increase the content of the organic matter of the soil, but the content of organic matter was not positively related to the pH buffer capacity of the soil. Each treatment could decrease the activity of Al3+ in the soil. Treatment NPKR2 decreased Al3+ in granite red soil significantly while the other two treatments had no obvious effects. Soil CEC of each treatment had little change and ECEC of the soil under treatment NPKR2 was significantly greater than that under the other treatments. ECEC of plevthific horizon red soil and homogenous layer red soil treated bylhe fertilizer treatments was higher than that treated by the no fertilizer treatments, only treatment NPKR2 showed significant effect on granite red soil and plate shale red soil.
  • 摘要：Volatile components of dried, baked and salty baked Capsicum annuum L. Cultured in Chenzhou of Hunan were analyzed by solid phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 105 volatile components including 37 common components were identified in the dried, baked and salty baked chillies which contained 58, 93 and 55 volatile components respectively. Among the volatile components, the relative contents of hexyl hexanoate, hexyl 2-methylbutanoate and hexyl 3-methylbutanoate were the highest and those of the alkane and olefin components were the second highest. Compared to the dried chillies, the contents of the ester compounds decreased and the contents of the alkane components increased the most in the baked and salty baked chillies.%以湖南郴州产野山椒为原料,采用固相微萃取法(SPME),结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)分析技术,对原干、烤香、焦盐3类加工型野山椒粉的挥发性化合物进行分析.结果表明:从3种辣椒粉中共鉴定出105种成分,其中37种为3类辣椒粉共有；原干椒、烤香椒、焦盐椒中的挥发性物质分别为58、93、55种,其中,己酸己酯、2-甲基丁酸己酯、3-甲基丁酸己酯等酯类物质的相对含量较高,其次为烷烃类和烯烃类；与原干辣椒粉相比,烤香野山椒粉和焦盐野山椒粉中的酯类物质含量降低,烷烃类物质含量增大.
  • 摘要：以津研四号黄瓜为材料,研究0.5、1.5、2.5、4.0 mmol/L Pb(NO3)2和0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0 mmol/L CdC12处理对其种子萌发期间的毒害效应.结果表明:与对照(去离子水处理)相比,随着Pb、Cd浓度的增高,黄瓜胚根及胚芽生长受到的抑制显著加大；同一浓度的Pb、Cd处理,胚根生长受到的抑制作用较胚芽更为明显；Pb、Cd胁迫7d后,黄瓜幼苗平均长度、平均鲜重及子叶中叶绿素含量随Pb、Cd浓度的增大而明显降低；透射电镜观察表明,Pb、Cd处理4d后,幼苗根尖细胞超微结构变化异常明显,主要表现为细胞间隙增大、核染色质外溢、线粒体数量和脊突明显减少直至消失,细胞内部各细胞器膜系统结构严重破坏直至解体消失,细胞壁部分断裂,细胞结构解体,由镉引起的毒害效应较铅更为严重.%"Number four jinyan" seeds were chosen to study the poison effect of 0.5, 1.5, 2.5,4.0 mmol/L Pb(NO3)2 and 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 mmol/L CdCl2 on cucumber seeds during the course of germination. The results showed compared to the CK, the inhibition on growth of radicle and germ significantly increased with increasing concentration of Pb and Cd. The growth of the radicle was more significantly inhibited by Pb and Cd stress. After seven days of stress, the average length, fresh weight of seedling and the chlorophyll content of cotyledons obviously decreased with the increase of the concentration of Pb and Cd. The result observed through transmission electron microscope showed ultrastructural changes of root tip cells of seedling were unusually apparent after four days of stress, which were characterized by cell gap increasing, chromatin spilling, reducing and eventually disappearing of the mitochondria and crest. Inside the cells, the membrane structure of each organelle was severely damaged until disintegrated and disappeared. The cell wall was partly fractured and the cell structure was collapsed. The poisoning effect caused by Cd was more serious than that caused by Pb under the same experimental conditions.
  • 摘要：Geographical information system(GIS)combined with geostatistics was applied to reveal the spatial variability of soil fertility quality indices including soil pH, organicmatter, available N, available P, available K, Total N, Total P and Total K in the topsoil(0-20 cm)of southeastern Hunan province. The results showed that theoretical semivariogram models of soil pH, available P, Total N and Total K were best described with an spherical model, whereas the organic matter, available N and available K were best fitted with a exponential model, Total P was best described with an gaussian model. The ratios of nugget to sill of available N and Total P were 13.6%, 19.0%, respectively, indicating there existed strong spatial correlation. The ratios of nugget to sill of pH, organicmatter, available P, available K, Total N and Total K were 28.7%, 29.9%, 54.7%, 53.1%, 55.6%, 73.0%, respectively, indicating a moderate spatial correlation. In the red soil region, the soil IFI (integrated fertility index) was closely related with parent material, based on which the fertility quality of the soil in north of Guanshanping village and south of Shulingsi village developed from limestone parent material belonged to the Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ degree, which was high, the fertility quality of soil in Xingfuqiao village developed from slate parent material belonged to Ⅳ degree and the fertility quality of soil in south of Guanshanping village developed from quaternary red earth parent material belonged to Ⅴ degree.%采用地理信息系统(GIS)和地统计学方法研究了湘南丘岗红壤地区土壤表层(0～20 cm)pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾8项土壤肥力指标的空间变异特征.结果表明:土壤pH、有效磷、全氮和全钾的理论模型为球状模型,有机质、碱解氮和速效钾的理论模型为指数模型,全磷的理论模型为高斯模型；碱解氮和全磷的基底效应分别为13.6％、19.0％,表现出强烈的空间相关性,土壤pH、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、全氮和全钾的基底效应分别为28.7％、29.9％、54.7％、53.1％、55.6％、73.0％,具有中等的空间相关性；研究区域的书林寺村南部和官山坪村北部以石灰岩风化物母质为主,土壤肥力较高,属Ⅰ～Ⅲ级,幸福桥村区域以板岩风化物母质为主,土壤肥力为Ⅳ级,官山坪村南部以第四纪红土母质为主,土壤肥力属Ⅴ级,应重视第四纪红土母质地区土壤退化防治和肥力恢复调控.
  • 摘要：A copper (Ⅱ) complex with nicotinic acid and L-α-alanine was synthesized by the method of room temperature solid phase synthesis. The complex was characterized through elemental analysis, infrared spectra, ultraviolet spectra and X-ray powder diffraction. The results showed that the COO- group of nicotinic acid and the amino nitrogen and carboxylic oxygen of L-a-alanine coordinated with Cu2+. Antibacterial test displayed that the complex have a certain antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Bacillus aeruginosus, Aeromonas hydrophila and Yersinia intermedia, and the activity against Bacillus subtilis was the strongest with the inhibition diameter of 13.4 mm at the concentration of 0.5 mmol/L. The minimal inhibitory concentration of the complex against bacillus subtilis was 0.031 25 mmol/L.%在室温条件下,通过固相反应合成了铜(Ⅱ)的烟酸、L-α-丙氨酸三元配合物,采用元素分析、红外光谱、紫外光谱以及X-射线粉末衍射光谱对配合物进行了表征.结果表明,烟酸脱掉羧酸上的质子以酸根的形式与铜离子配位,而吡啶环上的氮原子未参与配位,L-α-丙氨酸的氨基氮与羧基氧同时与铜离子配位.抑菌活性试验表明,该配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌和耶尔森氏菌都具有抑菌活性,对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌效果最好,配合物浓度为0.5 mmol/L时,抑菌圈直径达13.4 mm,最低抑菌浓度为0.031 25 mmol/L.
  • 摘要：Rice dwarf outbreak caused by Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus(SRBSDV) was occurred in Hunan province in year 2010. To determine the natural hosts of SRBSDV, cereal crop and weed samples in or around the infected rice fields from different counties of Hunan were collected and detected by RT-PCR with a patented primer pair. The results showed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), wild oat (Avena fatua L.) and goosegrass (Eleusine indicd) were the new natural hosts of SRBSDV.%2010年,由南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒(SRBSDV)引起的新水稻矮缩病在湖南省大面积爆发.为确定南方水稻黑条矮缩病毒的自然寄主范围,采集湖南省永州零陵、邵阳隆回、郴州宜章等地发病田块及附近的禾本科作物及杂草,提取RNA后,用自行设计的专利引物对,对其进行RT-PCR检测,发现高粱、野燕麦、牛筋草是新的SRBSDV自然寄主.
  • 摘要：Using a pair of degenerate primers designed based on HMG-box, a conserved region in Sox gene, two 217 bp-fragments were amplified and cloned from the male and the female Andrias davidianus which exhibited no sexual difference by PCR-SSCP analysis. Amino acid sequence analysis showed one of the 217 bp-fragments showed 90% homology to Sox 11 gene of human, zebrafish, mouse, chicken, Xenopus tropicalis and Alligator sinensis respectively and the other showed 90% homology to Soxl4 gene of Tilapia, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, mouse, Fugu rubripes, zebrafish, chicken, human and Xenopus Laeuis respectively, thereafter the two fragments were termed as adSoxl 1 and adSox14c respectively. Sox gene transcripts were found in spermary, ovary, heart and kidney by RT-PCR but not stomach and liver of Andrias davidianus. These results collectively suggested that Sox gene was highly conserved across species Sox gene and was selectively expressed among tissues and organs to accommodate the need of development.%为探明Sox基因在物种进化中的保守性及其性别分型,以大鲵雌、雄个体为材料,参照Sox基因HMG-box保守区的序列,设计简并引物扩增,两因子均在雌、雄个体内得到217 bp PCR扩增产物,不存在性别差异.将二者编码的氨基酸序列与NCBI中其他物种Sox基因编码的氨基酸序列进行比对,其中一个基因与人、斑马鱼、家鼠、鸡、热带爪蟾、扬子鳄Sox11基因的同源性均为90％.另一个基因与罗非鱼、鸭嘴兽、家鼠、红鳍东方鲀、斑马鱼、鸡、人、非洲爪蟾和大鲵Sox14基因的同源性均为90％,故根据大鲵的学名,将这2个基因分别命名为adSox11和adSox14c.adSox11和adSox14c在大鲵精巢、卵巢、肾脏和心脏中均有不同程度表达,而在胃和肝脏中几乎不表达.
  • 摘要：Thirty-one cross combinations consisted of thirteen ROC varieties including ROC1, ROC6, ROC8, ROC9, ROC10, ROC11, ROC20, ROC22, ROC23, ROC24, ROC25, ROC26 and ROC28 as female parents were made, and methods of family evaluation and ratooning ability(RA)were combined together for evaluating the ratooning traits of progeny populations under natural drought conditions. The results showed that the progenies were more significantly affected by ratoon crop than plant crop.Moreover, heritability of ratoon crop in cane yield, sugar yield and stalks were higher than that in plant crop, availing to breeding the strong ratoon offspring. Among the thirteen ROC female parents, the general combining ability(GCA)of main traits from ROC25, ROC 11 and ROC24 were all higher in plant crop and ratoon crop.Furthermore, values of gca in cane yield, sugar yield and brix of ratoon crop were higher than that of plant crop. Thus these ROC parents could be excellent female parents with drought resistance and strong ratooning traits.The special combining ability(SCA)of main traits in plant crop and ratoon crop of ROC25×Dezhe 93-88 were higher than that of other cross and the ratooning ability of sugar yield and cane yield were 13.7% and 20.4% higher than those in ROC22 respectively.These ROC25×Dezhe 93-88 could be excellent cross for breeding the new varieties which could combat drought and have strong ratoon sugarcane.%选用13个新台糖系列甘蔗品种ROC1、ROC6、ROC8、ROC9、ROC10、ROC 11、ROC20、ROC22、ROC23、ROC24、ROC25、ROC26和ROC28作母本与不同类型的父本杂交,选配组合31个,采用家系评价法和宿根力分析对甘蔗有性杂交后代在干旱条件下的宿根性进行研究.结果表明:母本及选配的组合对后代宿根蔗的影响较新植蔗更为显著,且蔗茎产量、糖产量和有效茎在宿根蔗的遗传力表现均高于新植蔗,有利于强宿根后代的选育；13个新台糖系列母本中,ROC25、ROC 11和ROC24在新植、宿根两个植期的重要性状一般配合力(GCA)均较高,糖产量、蔗茎产量和锤度在宿根蔗的配合力大于新植蔗,可作为优良抗旱、强宿根母本加以利用；31个组合中,自然干旱条件下组合ROC25×德蔗93-88在2个植期的重要性状特殊配合力(SCA)高于其他组合,糖产量和蔗茎产量宿根力分别比对照种ROC22高13.7％和20.4％,是选育抗旱、强宿根甘蔗新品种的优良组合.
  • 摘要：根据对比试验观测数据,评价了28份优质食用型甘薯种质的产量、营养和食味.结果表明:①烟紫薯176、海南黑肉薯和徐薯23等为优异育种材料；②紫薯的平均鲜薯产量、薯干产量和淀粉产量是黄薯和白薯的62.3％～ 73.2％,但其蛋白质、维生素C和胡萝卜素含量高于黄薯和白薯；③鲜薯、薯干和淀粉产量之间呈极显著正相关；鲜薯产量与干物率、粗淀粉含量均呈负相关；干物率和淀粉含量呈极显著正相关；可溶性糖含量与干物率、粗淀粉含量均呈极显著正相关；维生素C含量与干物率、淀粉含量均呈极显著正相关,与可溶性糖、蛋白质含量均呈显著正相关；食味与各产量性状、营养成分之间的相关性均不显著.%The yield, nutritive content and eating quality of 28 sweet potato cultivars were evaluated in Hainan, China. The results indicated that: ①Cultivars Yanzishu 176, Hainan Heiroushu and Xushu 23 could be considered as promising breeding materials. ②The average fresh root yield, dry root yield and starch yield of purple sweet potato were 62.3%-73.2% of those of the yellow and white sweet potato, but the protein, vitamin C and carotene content of the purple sweet potato were higher than those in the yellow and white sweet potato. ③There was very significantly positive correlation between fresh root yield, dry root yield and starch yield; The fresh root yield was clearly negative correlated with dry matter content and starch content; The dry matter content was very significantly positive correlated to starch content; The soluble sugar content was very significantly positive correlated to dry matter content and starch content; The vitamin C content was very significantly positive correlated to dry matter content, starch content, soluble sugar and protein content; There was no significant relationship between the eating quality and the nutritive yields and nutritive content.
  • 摘要：We constructed a plant phloem-specific expression iaaM vector to study the effect of IAA over-expression on phloem development. The vector was constructed by recombining the tryptophan monooxygenase gene (iaaM) with the phloem-specific promoter and the sucrose synthesis gene promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana. The recombinant was transformed into Nicotiana tabacum and several transgenic plants were screened out. Most of the transgenic plants showed abnormal morphologies as leave curling and delayed development and the seedlings grew slower compared to the wild control. The section observation of the stem showed that more secondary xylem and phloem cells were produced in transgenic plants compared to the wild-type. In addition, there were many adventitious roots abnormally grown out in the transgenic stems and numerous root hairs and lateral roots occurred in transgenic root.%为探讨生长素过度合成对植物韧皮部发育的影响,利用韧皮部特异表达的拟南芥蔗糖合成酶基因启动子与色氨酸单加氧酶基因(iaaM)重组,构建载体,通过根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法将其转入烟草,获得了转化的烟草植株.大多转基因烟草都表现出叶片卷曲、植株生长异常的生长素过度表型.转基因烟草植株生长较野生型烟草(对照)植株明显迟缓,但其茎横切面韧皮部细胞显著增多,排列更加紧密整齐,木质部也较早开始分化.转基因烟草茎段有大量不定根分化,其根部则在韧皮部薄壁细胞处诱生大量根原基,在不定根上有大量侧根和根毛的分化.
  • 摘要：To investigate the effect of cassava on growth performance and nutrient utilization of meat ducks, a total of 480 meat ducks aged 15 d were randomly allotted to four treatments with six replicates in each treatment and each replicate containing 20 ducks. The four treatments were fed with the diet supplemented with 0, 10%, 20%, 30% cassava respectively for 30 d. The results showed: ① With the increasing of cassava, the average daily feed intake was gradually increased, and the average daily feed intake in the treatment with 30% cassava was significantly higher than that in the treatment with 10% cassava (P＜0.05); the gain weight first increased and then decreased. There were significant differences in final weight (45-old weight) and average daily weight gain between the treatment with 20% cassava and the control (P＜0.05). The best of gain weight and feed/gain ratio were found in the treatment with 20% cassava. ② The apparent digestibility of dry matter and apparent metabolism energy in diets with 10% or 20% cassava were higher than those in the diets from other two treatments (P＜0.05) and the diet with 10% or 20% cassava also showed a increasing tendency in the apparent digestibility of protein. Apart from glycine, arginine, threonine, proline, valine and isoleucine,the apparent digestibility of other amino acids showed no significant difference, but the apparent digestibility of methionine and lysine in the diets with 10% and 20% cassava were higher compared to those in the diets from other two treatments. The results indicated replacing part of the corn with cassava could increase the apparent digestibility of dry matter and protein of meat duck diet to a certain extent, thus increase gain weight and decrease feed/gain ratio, and the optimal supplemental level of cassava in the diet of meat ducks was 10%-20%.%选取健康、体重相近的15日龄双鬼头肉鸭480只,随机分成4个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复20羽,分别饲喂木薯添加量为0、10％、20％和30％的试验日粮,进行为期30 d的试验.结果表明:①随着木薯添加量的增加,肉鸭平均日采食量逐渐上升,30％木薯组显著高于10％木薯组(P＜0.05),而肉鸭日增重呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其中20％木薯组的45日龄重(末重)和平均日增重均与对照组差异显著(P＜0.05),当木薯添加量为20％时肉鸭增重效果最佳,料重比最低；②当木薯添加量为10％和20％时,日粮干物质表观消化率和表观代谢能显著高于其他2组(P＜0.05),且有提高蛋白质表观消化率的趋势；除甘氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸和异亮氨酸外,其他氨基酸表观消化率各组间的差异均不显著(P＞0.05).但10％木薯组和20％木薯组的蛋氨酸和赖氨酸表观消化率较其他2组均有提高的趋势.综合考虑,在肉鸭日粮中用木薯替代部分玉米,可以在一定程度上提高日粮中干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率,从而达到增重和降低料重比的效果.肉鸭日粮中木薯添加量以10％～20％为宜.
  • 摘要：室温条件下,以硅胶板为固定相,用5种展开剂(体积比9:9:2的甲苯-丙酮-甲酸、5.0:10.0:1.0:0.5的甲苯-甲酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸、8.0:5.0:15.0:0.3的甲苯-三氯钾烷-丙酮-甲酸、12.5:7.5:1.8:0.6的三氯钾烷-丙酮-甲醇-水、12.5:7.5:1.8:0.6的三氯钾烷-丙酮-甲酸-水)对茶叶中的儿茶素进行薄层色谱分离,筛选出其中较优的展开剂后,进一步优化其配比,并用其分离绿茶和白茶提取物中的儿茶素以进行验证.结果表明,以体积比12.5:7.5:2.2的三氯甲烷-丙酮-甲酸为展开剂,茶叶内主要的4种儿茶素单体(EGCg、EGC、ECg、EC)可得到良好分离,绿茶与白茶提取物中的儿茶素能较好地得以分离.%At room temperature, methylbenzene-acetone-formic acid (9∶9 ∶ 2, V/V), methylbenzene-ethyl formatemethanol-formic acid (5.0 ∶10.0∶ 1.0 ∶0.5, V/V), methylbenzene-chloroform-acetone-formic acid (8.0 ∶5.0∶ 15.0∶ 0.3, V/V), chloroform-acetone-methanol-water(12.5 ∶7.5 ∶1.8 ∶ 0.6, V/V) and chloroform-acetone-formic acid-water (12.5 ∶ 7.5 ∶ 1.8 ∶ 0.6, V/V) on silica gel marked as solvent Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,Ⅳ and Ⅴ respectively were applied as developing solvent respectively in high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) for isolating catechins in the tea. Among them, solvent Ⅴ was found to be the best for separation of catechins, this solvent was then modified mainly regarding the volume ratios of formic acid. The results showed the modified solvent Ⅴ, namely, chloroform- acetone- formic acid (12.5 ∶ 7.5 ∶2.2, V/V) was the optimum for separation of the four main catechins (EGCg, EGC, Ecg, EC) in the tea. The applicability of the optimized developing solvent was further confirmed by separation of catechins in the extracts of the green and the white tea.
  • 摘要：B[a]P and NNK were used as the target compounds. CSC and NNK in the dose of 0(CK), 0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10, 0.12, 0.14, 0.16 mg/mL respectively and B[a]P in the dose of 0(CK), 0.000 8, 0.001 6, 0.002 4, 0.003 2, 0.004, 0.004 8, 0.005 6, 0.006 4 mg/mL were tested by MTT to investigate their cytotoxicity on BEAS-2B cells. The result showed the IC50 of cigarette smoke condensates (CSC), NNK and B[a]P were 0.133, 0.110,0.004 6 mg/mL respectively. CSC combined with low dose of B[a]P and NNK respectively or together showed larger cytotoxicity than CSC alone, and CSC with B[a]P and NNK respectively displayed synergism. Low dose of CSC and NNK respectively or together combined with B[a]P showed cytotoxicity greater than B[a]P alone, and CSC and NNK with B[a]P respectively displayed synergism. Low dose of CSC and B[a]P respectively or together combined with NNK showed antagonism. The unification of B[a]P, CSC and NNK showed antagonism.%以苯并[a]芘(B[a]P)、甲基亚硝胺吡啶基丁酮(NNK)为目标化合物,设置卷烟烟气冷凝物(CSC)及NNK的质量浓度为0(CK)、0.02、0.04、0.06、0.08、0.10、0.12、0.14、0.16 mg/mL,B[a]P的质量浓度为0(CK)、0.000 8、0.0016、0.002 4、0.003 2、0.004、0.004 8、0.005 6、0.0064mg/mL,研究NNK,B[a]P和CSC对人体支气管上皮细胞(BEAS-2B)的毒性作用.结果表明:CSC的IC50为0.133 mg/mL,NNK为0.110 mg/mL,a[a]P为0.004 6 mg/mL;低剂量B[a]P、NNK分别及联合与CSC作用细胞毒性均大于CSC单独作用,二者分别与CSC作用均表现为协同作用；低剂量CSC、NNK分别及联合与B[a]P作用细胞毒性均大于B[a]P单独作用,二者分别与B[a]P联合作用均表现为协同作用；低剂量CSC、B[a]P分别及联合与NNK作用的细胞毒性与NNK单独作用大小不一,二者分别与NNK作用均表现为拮抗作用；3种毒性物质联合作用均表现为拮抗作用.
  • 摘要：The cardiomyopathy associated 5 gene (CMYA5) was detected by PCR-RFLP, and the effect of the gene on meat quality traits in Hunan black pig was observed by variance analysis. The results showed that three genotypes, namely AA, AC and CC were found. The frequencies of alleles A and C were 0.287 5 and 0.712 5 respectively and the polymorphism information content and heterozygosity were 0.599 9 and 0.409 7 respectively, which revealed a moderate polymorphism in this site. There were significant differences in thirteen indexes mainly including intramuscular fat (IMF), serine acid, saturated fatty acid, (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). In pigs with AA genotype, the content of IMF was significantly higher than that in pigs with AC genotype (P＜0.05) and the content of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) was significantly higher than that in the pigs with AA and AC genotypes (P＜0.01). The content of flavour amino acid in AC genotype was higher than that in the other two genotypes, with the contents of serine acid, arginine, proline, cystine and methionine significantly higher than those in the AA genotype (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01). These results provide the evidence that the porcine CMYAS gene can act as a candidate gene of meat quality.%以湖南黑猪为研究对象,采用PCR-RFLP技术对原发性心肌症相关蛋白5基因(cardiomyopathy associated 5,CMYA5)进行多态性检测,并分析其对肌肉品质影响的遗传效应.试验结果:在猪群中发现AA、AC和CC 3种基因型,A、C等位基因的频率分别为0.287 5、0.712 5；湖南黑猪群体在CMYA5基因Bsp TI位点上的多态信息含量和杂合度分别为0.5999和0.409 7,表明该位点处于中度多态；不同基因型个体的肌肉肌内脂肪、丝氨酸、饱和脂肪酸含量等13项指标间存在显著或极显著差异(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),AA型个体的肌内脂肪显著高于AC型(P＜0.05),单不饱和脂肪酸含量极显著高于AC型和CC型(P＜0.01)；AC型个体的风味氨基酸含量较AA、CC型丰富,其丝氨酸、精氨酸、脯氨酸、胱氨酸、甲硫氨酸含量显著或极显著高于AA型(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结果表明,湖南黑猪CMYA5基因多态性与肌肉品质性状相关；该基因可作为猪肉质性状候选基因.
  • 摘要：In order to elucidate the influence of different altitudes to starch biosynthesis, we compared the ultrastructure of leaves and the starch contents as well as the expression of several key genes related to starch biosynthesis in Yun87 at different development stages. The results showed that on the 35 d and 50 d after transplanting, the starch content and the expression level of granule-bound starch synthase I(GBSSI)were little higher in the high altitude than those in the low altitude. But no obvious difference was found in the ultrastructure of leaves among different altitudes. From the 65 d to 95 d, starch contents showed sharp increase trend. Simultaneously, chloroplasts gradually changed with rapid enlarging and increasing of the accumulated starch granules. Correspondingly, during this period, the starch content and the expression level of GBSSI and starch branching enzyme(SBE)were higher in the low altitude than those in the high altitude. Especially, on the 95 d, chloroplasts had fully degraded, began to degrade and were still keep intact in high, middle and low altitude respectively. These results indicated that in early developing period, the higher the altitudes, the more the starch contents, but in the later developing period, it was quite the opposite.%对云烟87在贵州毕节地区不同海拔高度、不同发育时期叶片的超微结构、淀粉含量、淀粉合成相关基因的表达进行研究.结果表明:移栽后35～50 d(移栽前期)高海拔地区烟叶淀粉含量稍高,颗粒结合型淀粉合成酶基因(GBSSI)和淀粉分支酶基因(SBE)的表达较强,但叶绿体淀粉粒超微结构无明显差异；移栽后65～95 d,淀粉含量急剧增加,叶绿体淀粉粒体积和数量均增加,GBSSI和SBE的表达也较强；移栽后95 d,高海拔地区烟叶叶绿体已充分降解,中海拔地区的开始降解,低海拔地区叶绿体仍保持完整；一定海拔范围内,在烟叶发育前期,海拔高度越高,淀粉积累越多,发育后期高海拔地区烟叶叶绿体降解充分,且GBSSI和SBE的表达减弱,说明高海拔导致淀粉含量减少.
  • 摘要：Used the single factor index method and the potential ecological risk index were used to valuate Cd pollution and its potential risk in paddy soils around an industrial park in Xiangtan. The human health for a local adult also was analyzed. The results showed that the ranges of concentrations of Cd in soils were 1.27-4.22 mg/kg, indicating those paddy soils were suffered heavy Cd contamination. The potential ecological risk factors(Ei)for Cd in the soils were more than 320, demonstrating soil Cd contamination around industrial area. The hazard quotient of Cd in rice growth in those contaminated paddy soils ranged from 1.61-7.44, indicating that the potential health risk of Cd pollution was obvious. The local adult who consumed the contaminated rice was suffered from Cd pollution.%采用单因子指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价了湖南湘潭市某工业园区周边稻田土壤的污染现状及其潜在风险,并对成年人食用当地稻米的健康风险进行了评价.结果表明,该工业园区周边稻田土壤镉(Cd)含量的变幅为1.27～4.22 mg/kg,属重度镉污染；土壤潜在生态危害系数(Ei)均大于320,受到极强生态危害；园区边生产的稻米Cd污染风险商值(HQ)为1.61～7.44,对人体健康产生影响的可能性很大,明显存在Cd的潜在健康危害.

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