现实矛盾的想象性解决--从《文学的发生》看伊格尔顿的文学共相观

摘要

In The Event of Literature,Terry Eagleton,by drawing on Wittgenstein’s model of “family re⁃semblance”,summarized five constituent factors of literature and designated one of them,being fictional,as the most important universal. After that,he studied the universal of most literary theories,“seeing literature as a strategy”, by reviewing literary theories since Russian Formalism. The purpose of Eagleton’s new theories on “fictionality” and “strategy” is to disentangle the complicated interrelationship and interaction between literature on the one hand and politics,power and ideology on the other. In this sense,Eagleton’s new reflections on literature did not deviate from,but furthered and deepened,what was demonstrated in his earlier masterpiece,Literary Theory:an Introduction.%在《文学的发生》中，伊格尔顿借用维特根斯坦的“家族相似”概念，提炼出文学作品的五个构成性要素，将其中的“虚构性”视为文学作品最核心的共相，并将“视文学作品为一种策略”看成大多数文学理论的共相。他在《文学的发生》中提出的“新说”归根结底是要通过“虚构”和“策略”这两个关键概念来透视文学以及文学理论同政治、权力、意识形态等方面存在的千丝万缕的复杂联系和相互作用。从这个意义上说，伊格尔顿在《文学的发生》中关于文学的思考，相比较《二十世纪西方文学理论》，与其说是断裂和颠覆，不如说是继承和深化。