论非熟练双语使用者的跨语言启动不均衡现象

摘要

In recent cross-language translation priming experiments,researchers have observed powerful priming effects in L1-L2 direction but not in L2-L1 direction.This phenomenon is called cross-language priming asymmetry.Researchers believe it is caused by the meaning-dominated processing of language.This paper agrees in meaning dominance,but suggests that the cross-language processing procedures should be important as well.Further analysis reveals that the processing of L1 and L2,for the most part,is undertaken by unconscious thought and conscious thought respectively,generating superiority of L1 over L2.Therefore,it is the L1 superiority that finally leads to the priming asymmetry in cross-language translation priming experiments.%现有研究发现,在针对非熟练双语使用者的跨语言启动实验中,L1-L2方向启动效应显著,L2-L1方向启动效应缺失.这被称为跨语言启动不均衡现象.研究者普遍认为"语义主导"的语言加工方式是造成这一现象的主要原因,然而基于"语义主导"原则形成的解释模型却不断受到质疑.澄清这些质疑并最终形成更加合理解释的关键在于全面认识语言认知加工过程,尤其是语言的多重表征性及其加工流程.进一步的分析发现,对于非熟练双语使用者而言,加工L1、L2的思维主体不同,前者为无意识思维,后者为意识思维.这种加工方式上的差异才是造成启动不均衡现象的主要原因.