自由是人格自律——哈特曼的本体论价值哲学对意志自由问题的新解答

摘要

According to Nicolai Hartmann,Kant was the first person to offer a new approach to the issue of freedom. He proposed a new concept of freedom in the"third antinomy",that is,self-determination of reason. Compared with causal determinism,it is another type of higher determinant-autonomy of principle(autonomy of will). However,due to his transcendental idealism,he did not see a higher level of freedom,that is,sollen-antinomy. Actually free will is able to obey or violate principle,that is,an autonomy of personality. It is in the light of the new ontological axiology that Hartmann gave his clear answers.%尼古拉·哈特曼认为,在自由问题上康德是开拓新道路的第一人.他在"第三个二律背反"中提出了一个全新的自由概念,即作为理性自我规定的积极自由.跟因果决定相比它是另一种更高的决定类型,即意志自律 (原则自主性).由于拘泥于先验观念论模式,康德没看到更高一层的自由含义,它涉及的是另一种新的自由二律背反,即应当二律背反.真正的意志自由是面对着原则能够作出服从或违背的决断自由,跟康德意义上的意志自律相比,哈特曼在他的本体论价值哲学视域下提出人格自律或人格自主性,给出了清晰的论证和回答.