对外汉语学科的性质和特征

摘要

Teaching Chinese as a foreign language has been a national recognized education branch for o-ver 60 years and as an education discipline for almost 40 years. Due to sharp increase demands for Chi-nese in international community and the rapid development of Chinese language teaching, the name of this subject naturally attracted many considerations. Among the twelve existed names,“Chinese”shall be the most justified title. Comparing to the first language acquisition, teaching Chinese as a foreign lan-guage has four essential characteristics:the linguistic nature of target, the diversity of culture, the flexi-bility of methods and the difference of structure. It is the special features of Chinese that determine the a-bove characteristics, and also that is our views on Chinese Language Teaching.%“(对外)汉语教学”作为国家教育门类已存在六十余年，作为学科业已有近四十年的历史，有鉴于国际社会对中国语文需求度的剧增，汉语国际教学事业的迅猛发展，自然引来对学科名称的诸多思考。在已有十二个名称中，“汉语”应是最名正言顺的称谓。对外汉语教学与第一语言习得比较，其本质特征有四：目标的言语性、文化的多样性、方法的灵活性和结构的差异性。之所以有如此这般的性质和特征，那是由汉语的特质所决定，这就是我们的汉语教学观。