方以智《通雅》分目浅探

摘要

明末学者方以智在语言文字学领域的代表作《通雅》，内容、分目仿《尔雅》之例，而又有所革新。《通雅》分目上的革新不仅反映了方以智个人的学术思想体系，反映了明末清初社会文化知识结构，同时也代表了“雅类书”发展的巅峰。考察了《通雅》浮山本、四库本（及《四库全书总目提要》著录）、光绪本及上海古籍出版社点校本的分目异同，并在综合考虑全文体例统一、各版本异同及其原因的基础上，对《通雅》分目情况及各类各目条目数量进行了整理统计。《通雅》在类别设计上是比较全面的，但各类、各子目收录的条目则非常不平衡，这说明《通雅》之“通”在于类别的完备，而具体到研究对象，仍然是以常用词语和疑难词语为主，不是一味追求内容的全面。%Tongya is a representative work of Fang Yizhi, a scholar in the End of Ming Dynasty. The innovation of it' s catalog and content represents not only Fong Yizhi' s learning thought system, but also the social knowledge and culture structure of The late Ming and early Qing Dynasty, as also as the peak of Ya books. We Investigated the differences between sundry editions of Tongya, and sorted out it' s catalog situation as well as the of number entries of each kind. The categories of vocabulary in Tongya is overall, but the number entries of each kind are imbalance, which shows that what the Tongya aspires is not the all -sidedness of content, but the perfections of vocabulary system.