论阿伦特“平庸的恶”

摘要

＂Banality of evil＂ is another viewpoint Arendt focuses on after ＂totalitarianism＂ and＂anti-semitism＂.＂Banality of evil＂refers to the features of being unrealistic and unthinking embodied by Eichmann.Behavior without thinking and full of generalities damage more than evildoing itself.Arendt＇s theory of ＂banality of evil＂ not only determines the nature of German Nazis massacre of the Jews,but also makes the reflection and the detailed inquiry about the liabilities of the Jews in the massacre,esp.of the council of Jews.It shows Arendt＇s conscience and courage as a scholar and becomes a turning point of her thoughts.Moreover,it is the important theoretical origin and the chief component of Arendt＇s theory of political judgment.%＂平庸的恶＂是阿伦特继＂极权主义＂、＂反犹主义＂后,对现实关注的又一个重要方面。＂平庸的恶＂特指艾希曼身上所体现的脱离现实与无思想性。不思想、空洞无物所造成的灾难远远大于作恶本身。＂平庸的恶＂理论不仅是阿伦特对德国纳粹屠杀犹太人恶行的定性,更是阿伦特对在大屠杀中犹太人自身,尤其是犹太人评议会所负责任的反思和追问,它表明了阿伦特作为学者的良知和勇气,是阿伦特思想的一个重要转折,也是阿伦特政治判断理论的重要理论来源和组成部分。