中国现当代文学发展的转折与重构——《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》的再解读

摘要

MAO Ze-dong＇s ＂Talk At The Yan＇an Conference On Literature And Art＂ is a remarkable transitional sign of contemporary Chinese literature and it put a tremendous influence on the development of the contemporary Chinese literature.After the public of the publicizing of the ＂Talk＂,tremendous changes had happened in the orientation,purpose,paradigm,and the effectiveness and the manners of influence of the literature in the liberated-area.The literary transition pushed by the ＂Talk＂ is a result of the resultant force of realistic,historical,political and cultural elements.The transition of the reality caused the complex change of the art-related relations.These changes,produced the ＂Talk＂,was the external power pressured on the production of the literature and arts in Yan＇an.The ＂Talk＂ rethought the finitude the modernity of the new literature of the ＂5.4＂ era,discovered the historical subjective status of the public and endowed this status with the public.The inner dynamic of the ＂Talk＂ is the production the necessity to set up the course of art regulation.%毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》对中国现当代文学发展具有极其重要的影响和重大的转折性意义。《讲话》之后,解放区文学在方向、目的、范式,以及效力、作用方式等方面都发生了巨大转变。由《讲话》引领的文学转折是由现实的、历史的、文化的、政治的等一系列因素共同作用的结果。现实语境的变迁,使文艺所关联的各种关系发生复杂的变化。这些变化正是《讲话》诞生的外部推力。《讲话》反思了五四新文学的现代性局限,发现并在实践中赋予了民众历史主体的地位。《讲话》思想逻辑内在的动因则是出于权力话语规训的需求。