略论柏孜克里克石窟新发现的汉文《金刚经》残卷∗

摘要

From the Northern Wei to the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Chinese translation of Va jracchedika-sutra spread in Turpan. Some manuscripts were unearthed in Bezeklik Grottoes, a representative of Bud-dhism cultural sites in this area, and the largest number of translation is by Kumarajiva. The sutra could spread for a long time, not only because the Buddhist theory is narrated in a concise and comprehensive fashion, but also Kumarajiva was skillful in his translating techniques. The Central Government, especially after the middle of Tang Dynasty, controlled effectively in politics and culture in the Western Regions, and, in addition, Emperor Tangxuanzong thought highly of the Vajracchedikasutra, which greatly promoted its spread in Gaochang area where the Chinese culture had been accumulated deeply in tradition.%自北魏至隋唐，《金刚经》汉译本曾在今吐鲁番地区流行一时，以柏孜克里克石窟为代表的佛教文化遗址就出土有多件写本残卷，其中尤以鸠摩罗什的译本数量最多。此经的流行，既与其言简意赅宣扬佛教义理相关，也与罗什高超的译经水平有关。特别是中唐以降，唐朝中央政府在政治及文化上都对西域实施了有效的管控，加之唐玄宗本人对《金刚经》倍加推崇，极大地促进了此经在传统汉文化积淀极深的高昌地区的进一步流传。