教师心理健康与工作能力的关系研究

摘要

Objective To explore the relationship between mental health and working ability of teachers in primary and middle schools in Urumqi.Methods Stratified cluster sampling and questionnaire survey were employed to investigate the mental health,absenteeism and working ability of 1 321 teachers in the prima-ry and middle schools of Urumqi.Results (1)By comparing the evaluation results of SCL-90 among the teachers in different ethnic groups,all the factors,except paranoid ideation,were statistically significant (P <0.01).(2)Female teachers′working ability index was lower than that of male teachers;Han and Hui teachers′working ability index was higher than that of Uygur and Kazak teachers;the Working ability index of teachers in service group <10 a was lower than that in group <10-20 a and higher than that of>20 a.(3)Working ability index was negatively correlated with the total score of SCL-90 and the rate of absenteeism,and it was positively correlated with psychological satisfaction.Conclusion Teachers′mental health,psychological satisfaction and absenteeism were major factors to their working competence and teachers′mental health was closely related to their working competence.Teachers should be the key popu-lation of mental health monitoring and intervention.%目的：探讨乌鲁木齐市中小学教师心理健康状况与工作能力之间的关系。方法采用分层整群抽样方法，以问卷调查方式对乌鲁木齐市1321名中小学教师心理健康、缺勤以及工作能力等方面进行调查。结果（1）不同民族教师之间 SCL-90评定结果比较，除偏执因子得分结果无统计学意义（P ＞0．05）外，其余因子均有统计学意义（P ＜0．01）。（2）女教师工作能力指数低于男教师；汉族和回族教师工作能力指数高于维吾尔族和哈萨克族教师；＜10 a 工龄组教师工作能力指数低于10～20 a 和＞20 a 工龄组教师。（3）工作能力指数与 SCL-90总分、缺勤率呈负相关，与心理满意度呈正相关。结论心理健康状态、心理满意度、缺勤是影响教师工作能力的主要因素，教师心理健康与否与工作能力关系密切。教师应是心理健康状态监测以及干预的重点人群。