民族文学与世界文学：莎士比亚历史剧阐释的宗教之维

摘要

Viewed from the diachronic perspective, Shakespeare' s works have evolved from national literature into world literature through almost four hundred years. With the creation of historical plays as an example, Shakespeare constructed the history of the formation of nation state of Britain in his eleven historical plays as a set, which contained clear and obvious patriot- ism and national spirit. Afterwards, with the spreading of literature, Shakespeare' s historical plays came into the sight of the world, and became not only the national classics but human wealth shared by all nations. Standing in the context of reconstruc- ting world literature, this paper, with religious dimension as the entry point, conducts a cross-cultural interpretation of Shake- speare' s historical plays. The author argues that the unity of the nationality and cosmopolitan quality is the key to the classics of Shakespeare and should be the direction of the reconstruction of world literature.%历时角度看，莎士比亚作品诞生四百年来历经了由民族文学走向世界文学的过程。以历史剧创作为例，莎士比亚以一套十一部英国国王剧构建了英国民族国家形成的历史，文本内涵的爱国主义与民族精神清晰充盈。之后，莎翁历史剧走向世界在文学传播活动中成为经典文本和人类共同财富。本文立足世界文学重构语境，以宗教维度为切入点对莎翁历史剧进行跨文化阐释，认为莎士比亚戏剧民族性与世界性的统一是其成为文学经典的关键，同时也是世界文学重构应该坚持的方向。