1957～2012年滇西北剑湖景观演变特征及驱动因子研究

摘要

以1957～2012年具有代表性的6期航空和卫星影像为研究数据，利用ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2、 ArcMap 10、Fragstats 3.3等软件，选取一些常用景观指数，分析了1957～2012年剑湖研究区景观演变特征和驱动因子。结果表明，（1）湖泊和农地的面积呈减少趋势，河流、沼泽、鱼塘、农村居民地和有林地的面积呈增加趋势。湖泊和农地分别减少了203.0 hm2和44.5 hm2 ，河流、沼泽、鱼塘、农村居民地和有林地分别增加了1.2 hm2、84.9 hm2、42.2 hm2、52.2 hm2和67.0 hm2。（2）景观类型数量、景观破碎化程度、景观形状复杂程度和景观多样性都呈现逐渐增加的趋势，说明剑湖景观受人为干扰越来越强烈。（3）湖泊主要转移成了沼泽，沼泽主要转移成了鱼塘、农地和有林地，鱼塘转移成了沼泽和农地，农地主要转移成了农村居民地和有林地。（4）人为驱动因子对剑湖景观演变的影响要比自然驱动因子大得多，总体上形成了以人为驱动因子为主、自然驱动因子为辅的景观演变驱动因子格局。%Aerial and satellite images of the Jianhu lake for 6 time periods from 1957 to 2012 were processed and analyzed in ERDAS IMAGINE 9.2 , ArcMap 10 and Fragstats 3.3.Some common landscape ecology metrics were calculated to reveal the landscape dynamics and driving factors of the lake during this period .The results were as follows: ( 1 ) The area of the lake and farmlands have been decreased 203.0 hm2 and 44.5 hm2 respectively . Meanwhile , the area of the rivers , swamps , fishery ponds , rural residential lands and woodlands have been in-creased 1.2 hm2, 84.9 hm2, 42.2 hm2, 52.2 hm2 and 67.0 hm2 respectively.(2) The landscape types, frag-mentation , shape , and diversity indices were rising gradually due to the ever-increasing impacts of all kinds of hu-man disturbances.(3) The landscape transition matrix has revealed that the water surfaces have mainly been shif-ted to swamps , and the swamps to ponds , farmlands to woodlands , ponds to swamps and farmlands , farmlands to rural residents and woodlands .(4) The artificial driving factors are much more decisive than the natural driving factors in shaping the landscape and waterscape for the Jianhu Lake .In general , a dynamic landscape mechanism and evolution pattern was formed jointly driven by the predominant artificial factors and the supplementary natural factors.