论《史记》人物塑造对《左传》的超越--以伍子胥为例

摘要

Wu Zixu is the famous militarist of State of Wu in the Spring and Autumn Period. In Tso Chuan, Wu Zixu is a tragic role by the concise accounts of the events. But Historical Records depicts an avenger's image on the basis of Tso Chuan, not only adding detail fragments to the historical narration, but also making the texts adorned, so the figure appears to be initiative and con⁃crete. It is the effect of literature fiction which achieves artistic truth, and it is also the reflection of author’ s personal bumpy experi⁃ence, desire to revenge and values of forbearance for success.%伍子胥是春秋末期吴国著名的军事家，《左传》的记载，精炼简约，偏于事件叙述，刻画了伍子胥“悲剧性角色”。而《史记》在《左传》基础上，不仅对历史事件叙述颇为详细，而且增加许多文学性修饰，放大细节，行为更加主动，突出伍子胥刚毅隐忍的“复仇者形象”，立体可感，丰富具体。这既是文学虚构所达到的艺术真实效果，也是司马迁个人坎坷经历、复仇欲望与“隐忍就功名”价值观的投射。