基于离心力和陀螺力矩效应的“主轴-轴承”系统动力学特性研究

摘要

In order to improve the operation stability of a spindle system with high speeds,it is significant to investigate its dynamic performance with centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment effects.An integrated shaft-bearing system's dynamic model considering both centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment effects was presented based on coupled stiffness matrices of rolling bearings obtained by extending Harris' nonlinear rolling bearing analysis model.Impact modal tests were conducted to verify the correctness of this dynamic model.The effects of centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment of the shaft and operational stiffness of rolling bearings on the dynamic performance of the shaft-bearing system with a high speed were analyzed.It was shown that when the bearing is in the case of extreme light (EL)preload,the high-speed effects of the shaft have a greater influence on the dynamic performance of the shaft-bearing system than the operational stiffness of rolling bearings does;the gyroscopic moment effect of the shaft is the most remarkable influence factor.%研究“主轴-轴承”系统在高转速场中受离心力和陀螺力矩影响的动力学特性对于提高主轴系统运行稳定性有重要的作用。在扩展Harris滚动轴承非线性分析模型、建立滚动轴承耦合刚度矩阵的基础上，建立了一种综合考虑主轴离心力效应和陀螺力矩效应的“主轴-轴承”系统动力学数字模型，并借助锤击模态实验验证了其准确性；分析论述了主轴离心力效应、主轴陀螺力矩效应及滚动轴承运行刚度对“主轴-轴承”系统在高转速场中的动力学特性的影响规律。通过模型分析计算表明：当轴承处于超轻预紧（EL）工况时，主轴的高速效应比轴承运行刚度对“主轴-轴承”系统动力学特性的影响更大，尤以主轴陀螺力矩效应的影响最为突出。