基于ODS与试验模态分析的方向盘摆振优化

摘要

分析了方向盘振动机理与控制方法.针对某款乘用车的转向系统进行了ODS(Operational Deflection Shape)分析与试验模态分析,找出了在高速行驶中方向盘摆振的激励源、传递路径及转向系统的结构弱点.从激励源、传递路径和接受体三方面来控制摆振.第一是控制轮胎动平衡参数,降低路面对轮胎的激励.第二是优化传动轴万向节,提高传递路径的隔振性能.第三是优化转向系统的结构弱点,提高其固有频率,使之与激励频率解耦.这项研究为分析方向盘高速摆振提供了一套有效方法,并取得了较好的优化效果.%The vibration mechanism and control methods of steering wheel are analyzed. The shimmy excitation sources of a passenger vehicle and structural weaknesses of the steering wheel system and its transfer paths are identified by ODS analysis and experimental modal analysis. The paper emphasizes shimmy controls from excitation sources, transfer paths and the receivers. First, the parameters of tire balancing are controlled to reduce its excitation from the road. Second, the drive shaft universal joints are optimized to improve vibration isolation performance of the transfer paths. Third, the structural weaknesses of the steering system are optimized to enhance its natural frequency and make it decoupled from the excitation frequency. The study provides an effective method to analyze and solve steering wheel shimmy at high speed driving condition, and optimal effectiveness is obtained.