In order to study the effects of slope and altitude on species diversity of tropical rain forest communities,two quadrats with 2 500 m2 each were set up in lowland rain forest,ravine rainforest and mountain rain forest on the northern and southern slopes,respectively,in Wuzhishan Mountain,totaling 12 quadrats.The dominant species composition and species diversity of tree plant communities on northern and southern slopes were compared.The results showed that on the northern slopes the dominant species were Diospyros hainanensis,Spondias lakonensis and Dysoxylum gotadhora in the lowland rainforest;Schefflera heptaphylla,Spondias lakonensis and Litsea variabilis in the ravine rainforest;and,Castanopsis tonkinensis,Syzygium araiocladum and Syzygium hancei in the mountain rainforest.On the southern slopes the dominant species were Schefflera heptaphylla,Liquidambar formosana and Eurya nitida in the lowland rainforest;Heritiera parvifolia,Diospyros hainanensis and Wrightia laevis in the ravine rainforest;and,Diospyros hainanensis,Dacrycarpus imbricatus var.patulus and Heritiera parvifolia in the mountain rainforest.The species richness,Shannon-Weiner index,Simpson index and Pielou index were higher in the lowland rainforest than in the ravine rainforest and the mountain rain forest on the northern slopes.The species diversity on the southern slope was lower in the lowland rainforest than in the other two plant communities.The species diversity was higher in the ravine rainforests and the mountain rainforests at a relatively high altitude than in the lowland rainforest at a low altitude.The species diversity in the lowland rainforest,the ravine rainforest and the mountain rainforest were lower on the southern than on the northern slopes.The species similarity index in the lowland rainforest and the ravine rainforest was the highest on the southern and northern slopes,while the species similarity was low between the mountain rainforest at a high altitude and the lowland rainforest or the ravine rainforest.%为了研究海拔和坡向对热带雨林群落物种多样性的影响,分别在五指山自然保护区南、北坡向不同海拔的热带低地雨林、热带沟谷雨林和热带山地雨林设置2个2 500 m2样方,对比研究不同海拔和坡向乔木植物群落的优势种组成和物种多样性.结果表明:北坡低地雨林优势种为海南柿(Diospyros hainanensis)、岭南酸枣(Spondias lakonensis)和红果樫木(Dysoxylum gotadhora),沟谷雨林优势种为鹅掌柴(Schefflera heptaphylla)、岭南酸枣和黄椿木姜子(Litsea variabilis),山地雨林优势种为越南白锥(Castanopsis tonkinensis)、线枝蒲桃(Syzygium araiocladum)和红鳞蒲桃(Syzygium hancei);南坡低地雨林优势种为鹅掌柴、枫香树(Liquidambar formosana)和细齿叶柃(Eurya nitida),沟谷雨林优势种为蝴蝶树(Heritiera parvifolia)、海南柿和蓝树(Wrightia lavis),山地雨林优势种为海南柿、鸡毛松(Dacrycarpus imbricatus var.patulus)和蝴蝶树.北坡低地雨林的物种丰富度、Shannon-Weiner指数、Simpson指数和Pielou均匀度指数高于沟谷雨林和山地雨林,而南坡低地雨林的物种多样性低于其他2种植物群落,沟谷雨林和山地雨林比低地雨林具有更丰富的物种多样性.南坡低地雨林、沟谷雨林及山地雨林的物种多样性都低于北坡.南、北坡低地雨林和沟谷雨林物种相似指数最高,而山地雨林与低地雨林和沟谷雨林之间物种相似度较低.
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