风浪影响下的集装箱班轮航速优化

摘要

环保意识增强、航运市场低迷等原因迫使航运公司不得不在保证船队运输任务的前提下，降低燃油的消耗以减少对海洋造成的污染和运营成本。燃油的消耗与航速相关，而航速的确定又受风、浪等气象条件的制约。在考虑气象因素的基础上，建立了风、浪影响下的混合整型非线性(MINP)航速优化数学模型。由于MINP的复杂性，使模型求解困难，因此从船舶实际工作情况出发，对航速进行离散，将该混合整型非线性模型转化成混合整型线性模型(MILP)，利用CPLEX软件包进行求解，极大地提高了运算效率。通过速度离散转化为线性模型的方法，可以计算出不同风、浪条件下班轮运输各航段的最优航速和每条航线上船舶配备的最佳数目。仿真算例表明，该方法能够为班轮公司提供合理、可靠的船舶调度方案和决策支持。%With enhancing of environmental awareness, shipping market is suffering a downturn that makes shipping companies reduce the fuel consumption for controlling ocean pollution and operating costs when transportation tasks can be completed. Fuel consumption is relation to the speed which is influenced by climate such as wave, wind and so on. To deal with speed optimization problem, the mix integer non-linear mathematical model is proposed based on the influence of wave and wind that is climate factor. Due to the complex of mix integer non-linear problem, it is difficult to be solved. Considering the actual situation of ships, the sailing speed is dispersed. At the same time, we transform the MINP model into MILP. The CPLEX is used to solve MILP model efficiently. By the algorithm of dispersing speed, the optimal speed and the number of ships that is in different voyages with various wave and wind conditions can be obtained. Experiments indicate that the method can apply reasonable ship schedules for shipping companies.