民航拥堵的经济学解释

摘要

This paper analyzes the ultimate causes for 2010 civil aviation congestion in the perspective of economics.The monopoly of civil aviation oligarch gives rise to the strong and rigid prices in China,so that the price is neither a useful method in regulating the imbalance between demand and supply of market,nor an effective means of aviation company in competing for a certain share of market.Consequently,the time of arrival is taken as a major aspect for competition among those companies.While given the fact of rigid prices,the best profitable strategy of aviation company is to narrow the gap from other companies,which naturally leads to the situation that many airlines of various aviation companies arrive at the port simultaneously in the golden period of time,thus the congestion will inevitably occur.For this reason,the final solution to the problem of aviation congestion is to stimulate the competition,break the old patterns of oligarch monopoly,and make full use of the price to readjust the imbalance of demand and supply.%中国民航市场寡头垄断的市场格局导致价格刚性的存在,使价格不能成为调整市场供需失衡的基本工具,同时,价格也不能成为航空公司争夺市场份额的竞争手段。为此,航空公司把到站时间作为竞争的基本手段。但是,在价格刚性情况下,航空公司的最优产品定位策略是尽可能地缩小与其他公司之间的差异,导致黄金时点多个航空公司航班到港,造成民航拥堵。因此,治理民航拥堵的根本对策在于引入竞争,打破寡头垄断的市场格局,充分发挥价格调整供需失衡的作用。