从沉默到说话--论《我儿子的故事》中的历史书写与重构

摘要

非洲的历史大多是宗主国所书写的，种族隔离时期的审查制度使非洲的历史书写更加陷入失语状态。《我儿子的故事》中戈迪默改变传统叙述人称和叙述方式，让一位黑人青年作为主要叙述者，并在第三人称叙述中加入不同肤色人物的自由间接引语，消解帝国历史书写的霸权，同时以艾拉和贝比为代表的黑人女性推翻了第三世界女性父权化和殖民化的命运，书写了非洲女性的历史。帝国大写历史的消解和黑人女性主体地位的建构在解构白人中心主义的同时达到了反写南非历史的目的。%The history of Africa was mostly written by colonial powers. Censorship during apartheid almost rendered Africa aphasic. In My Son’s Story, by changing the traditional way of narrating, Gordimer employs a black narrator and adds to the narration free indirect speeches of characters’ of both races, hence subverting the power of imperial historical writing; Aila and Baby, representatives of black women, have broken the control of patriarchy and colonization, thus writing the history of African women. The deconstruction of imperial History and the construction of the subjectivity of black women have rewritten the history of South Africa while disintegrating whites’ centralism.